Table 2.

One-year incidence of diabetes and relative risk, by baseline characteristics

	Partners of people with incident diabetes: Incidence per 1,000 population	Partners of people without incident diabetes: Incidence per 1,000 population	Odds ratio	95% CI
Entire cohort	16.4	1.5	10.8	9.2, 12.6
Age
18–44 yr	10.9	0.9	11.6	7.8, 17.2
45–64 yr	17.2	1.8	9.8	8.0, 11.9
65–79 yr	20.7	1.5	13.7	9.4, 19.8
80–89 yr	15.3	2.6	5.8	2.6, 13.3
Gender
Female	12.8	1.4	9.0	7.3, 11.1
Male	22.4	1.7	13.1	10.3, 16.7
Race or ethnicity
White	13.6	1.0	14.0	10.7, 18.1
Black	22.1	2.9	7.8	4.7, 13.1
Hispanic	19.3	2.1	9.5	6.8, 13.3
Asian	18.7	2.2	8.8	6.4, 12.1
Other or unknown	16.8	2.0	8.6	4.9, 14.9
Census-track mean education
<20% ≥bachelor’s degree	20.6	2.0	10.3	7.9, 13.3
20%–34% ≥ bachelor’s degree	15.8	1.7	9.6	7.3, 12.7
35%–49% ≥ bachelor’s degree	16.4	1.3	12.6	8.8, 18.0
≥50% ≥ bachelor’s degree	11.2	0.9	12.7	8.1, 19.8
Unknown	11.2	1.8	6.3	0.9, 45.3
Census-track median annual household income
<$60,000	19.4	1.9	10.2	7.8, 13.4
$60,000 – $79,999	16.2	1.8	9.2	6.9, 12.4
$80,000 – $99,999	16.2	1.3	12.5	8.7, 18.1
≥$100,000	13.4	1.1	12.7	8.8, 18.3
Unknown	11.2	1.8	6.4	0.9, 45.4
Body-mass index
Normal (<25 kg/m2)	6.4	0.5	13.1	7.6, 22.5
Overweight (25–29 kg/m2)	13.2	1.3	10.4	7.6, 14.4
Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2)	26.7	3.4	8.0	6.4, 10.0
Unknown	15.1	1.3	11.5	8.0, 16.5
No. of primary care visits
0	14.5	1.2	12.5	8.7, 17.9
1	13.3	1.1	12.6	8.6, 18.4
2–3	16.5	1.4	11.9	8.9, 15.9
4+	21.1	2.6	8.3	6.4, 10.8
Glucose testing in year before
Any	19.2	1.9	10.4	8.5, 12.8
None	13.5	1.2	11.0	8.6, 13.9

Data Source: Kaiser Permanente Northern California Electronic Health Records