Table 4.

Association of cognitive scales and frequency of past year substance use, NESARC-III (N=36,085)

	Binge drinkingb		Marijuana use		Cocaine use		Opioid use		Sedative/ tranquilizer use		Stimulant use
	aORa (95% CI)	p	aORa (95% CI)	p	aORa (95% CI)	p	aORa (95% CI)	p	aORa (95% CI)	p	aORa (95% CI)	p
Decreased Attention scale
Frequent use	1.07 (1.02–1.12)	.01	1.29 (1.21–1.38)	<.001	1.49 (1.26–1.77)	<.001	1.22 (1.09–1.36)	<.001	1.46 (1.30–1.64)	<.001	1.72 (1.48–2.00)	<.001
Infrequent use	1.08 (1.04–1.12)	<.001	1.23 (1.15–1.31)	<.001	1.29 (1.15–1.45)	<.001	1.22 (1.13–1.30)	<.001	1.37 (1.25–1.50)	<.001	1.45 (1.28–1.64)	<.001
Decreased Executive scale
Frequent use	1.22 (1.16–1.26)	<.001	1.26 (1.19–1.34)	<.001	2.03 (1.70–2.42)	<.001	1.34 (1.21–1.49)	<.001	1.34 (1.18–1.51)	<.001	1.41 (1.17–1.69)	<.001
Infrequent use	1.02 (0.98–1.07)	.24	1.19 (1.12–1.27)	<.001	1.63 (1.40–1.89)	<.001	1.24 (1.15–1.33)	<.001	1.31 (1.19–1.45)	<.001	1.45 (1.26–1.68)	<.001

Notes: aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; frequent use = use of substance (or binge drinking) at least weekly in the past year; infrequent use= use of substance from one time a year up to 3 times a month in the past year

^aaORs indicate the increased odds of frequent use (vs. no use) or infrequent use (vs. no use) for a one unit decrease in the standardized cognitive scale. AORs were estimated using logistic regression, including both scales in the model, adjusted for age (18–24, 25–44, 45–64, 65–74, 75+), gender (men, women), personal income ($0–$19,999, $20,000–$34,999, $35,000–$69,999, ≥$70,000), race/ethnicity (White, Black, Native American, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic), and education (less than high school, completed high school, some college, college degree, at least some post-graduate study), using MPlus version 7.11.

^bbinge drinking defined as ≥4 drinks in a day for women, ≥5 drinks in a day for men