Figure 3.

Performance of ρ-HESS and Cross-trait LDSC using External Reference LD across 100 LD-Independent Regions, with Each Region Having 1,000 Simulations

Here, each dot represents the mean (more than 100 regions) of the average performance (more than 1,000 simulations per region), with error bars representing 1.96 times the standard error on both sides. Overall, ρ-HESS provides approximately unbiased estimates of local genetic covariance (A) and correlation (B) and is not sensitive to the underlying genetic architectures (covariance in C and correlation in D). We also observe that ρ-HESS is less biased, is more consistent, and has smaller standard error than cross-trait LDSC.