Table 1. Prognostic value of HPV in penile carcinoma: a summary of studies.

Study	Number of patients (n)	Number of patients with HPV-positive tumors (n)	HPV sub-types	Primary outcome	Findings	HPV prognostic value
Djajadiningrat et al. 2015 (42)	212	53/212 (25%)	16, 33, 18, 45, 31, 52 detected	5-year disease-specific survival	High-risk HPV positive group: 96% vs. high-risk HPV negative group: 82% (P=0.016)	Positive
Steinestel et al. 2015 (43)	58	18/58 (31%)	6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58 and 59 tested; 16, 45, 6 detected	Disease-specific survival	Data for 35 patients at median follow-up of 15 months: no deaths in HPV-positive cohort, 6 died in HPV-negative cohort (P=0.13)	Inconclusive/negative
Zhai et al. 2013 (44)	28	7/28 (25%)	16 detected in all HPV+ samples	5-year disease-specific survival	HPV-positive group: 67% vs. HPV-negative group: 58% (P=0.431)	Inconclusive/negative
Fonseca et al. 2013 (45)	82	50/82 (60.9%)	11, 6, 16, 53, 33, 18, 69, 45, 51, 52, 58 detected	5-year disease-specific survival	HPV-positive group: 34% vs. HPV-negative group: 29% (P=0.45)	Inconclusive/negative
Protzel et al. 2007 (46)	28	7/19 (37%)	6, 11, 16, 18 tested (in 19 of 28 patients with available DNA)	Disease-specific death	No association with HPV status; median follow-up 46.1 months	Negative
Lont et al. 2006 (41)	171	50/171 (29%)	16, 18, 33, 45, 56, 1 tested	5-year disease-specific survival	HPV-positive group: 92% vs. HPV-negative group: 78% (P=0.03)	Positive
Bezerra et al. 2001 (47)	82	25/82 (52%)	6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58 tested; 16, 4, 18, 6/11, 45, 31, 33, 35, 51/52 detected	10-year disease-specific survival	HPV-positive group: 68.4% vs. HPV-negative group: 69.1% (P=0.83)	Negative
Wiener et al. 1992 (35)	29	9/29 (31%)	16, 18 tested	Both overall- and disease-specific survival	No association with HPV status	Negative

HPV, human papillomavirus.