Table 4.
Cox proportional hazards analysis. Statistically significant predictors of overall survival on univariate analysis were incorporated into a multivariable model
| Univariate | Multivariable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P‐value | HR | 95% CI | P‐value | |
| Facility location | ||||||
| New England | Reference | |||||
| Middle Atlantic | 0.857 | 0.603–1.218 | 0.389 | – | – | – |
| South Atlantic | 1.068 | 0.763–1.495 | 0.700 | – | – | – |
| East North Central | 1.086 | 0.769–1.534 | 0.639 | – | – | – |
| East South Central | 0.949 | 0.646–1.395 | 0.791 | – | – | – |
| West North Central | 0.842 | 0.565–1.255 | 0.398 | – | – | – |
| West South Central | 0.960 | 0.653–1.411 | 0.834 | – | – | – |
| Mountain | 0.927 | 0.607–1.415 | 0.724 | – | – | – |
| Pacific | 1.063 | 0.748–1.509 | 0.734 | – | – | – |
| Facility type | ||||||
| Community Cancer Program | Reference | |||||
| Comprehensive Community | 0.953 | 0.769–1.181 | 0.661 | – | – | – |
| Academic/Research | 0.835 | 0.668–1.042 | 0.110 | – | – | – |
| Integrated Network | 0.978 | 0.743–1.287 | 0.875 | – | – | – |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Reference | |||||
| Female | 0.698 | 0.610–0.798 | <0.01 | 0.795 | 0.691–0.915 | <0.01 |
| Insurance status | ||||||
| Not insured | Reference | |||||
| Private insurance | 0.625 | 0.491–0.796 | <0.01 | 0.655 | 0.512–0.837 | <0.01 |
| Medicaid | 1.026 | 0.777–1.353 | 0.858 | 0.955 | 0.720–1.267 | 0.751 |
| Medicare | 0.959 | 0.755–1.218 | 0.732 | 0.695 | 0.529–0.912 | <0.01 |
| Other Government | 1.160 | 0.658–2.045 | 0.607 | 0.932 | 0.523–1.662 | 0.812 |
| Income | ||||||
| <$38,000 | Reference | |||||
| $38,000–$47,999 | 0.972 | 0.805–1.174 | 0.771 | 0.948 | 0.773–1.163 | 0.608 |
| $48,000–$62,999 | 0.863 | 0.716–1.041 | 0.125 | 0.895 | 0.720–1.113 | 0.319 |
| $63,000+ | 0.815 | 0.673–0.986 | 0.035 | 0.868 | 0.667–1.129 | 0.292 |
| Percent without high school diploma | ||||||
| ≥21% | Reference | |||||
| 13.0–20.9% | 1.058 | 0.876–1.278 | 0.557 | 1.096 | 0.893–1.345 | 0.380 |
| 7.0–12.9% | 0.989 | 0.819–1.194 | 0.906 | 1.091 | 0.871–1.366 | 0.449 |
| <7.0% | 0.803 | 0.651–0.990 | 0.040 | 0.981 | 0.742–1.297 | 0.894 |
| Charlson comorbidity score | ||||||
| 0 | Reference | |||||
| 1 | 1.303 | 1.071–1.585 | 0.008 | 0.995 | 0.810–1.222 | 0.961 |
| 2+ | 1.514 | 1.184–1.936 | 0.001 | 1.439 | 1.117–1.854 | <0.01 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | Reference | |||||
| Black | 1.018 | 0.821–1.263 | 0.868 | – | – | – |
| Other | 1.443 | 0.915–2.276 | 0.115 | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 0.908 | 0.487–1.695 | 0.763 | – | – | – |
| Age | ||||||
| <50 | Reference | |||||
| 50–59 | 0.961 | 0.791–1.168 | 0.692 | 1.062 | 0.871–1.295 | .550 |
| 60–69 | 1.051 | 0.859–1.287 | 0.627 | 1.149 | 0.930–1.421 | .199 |
| 70+ | 1.591 | 1.299–1.947 | <0.01 | 1.597 | 1.236–2.062 | <0.01 |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Metropolitan | Reference | |||||
| Urban | 1.335 | 1.103–1.616 | <0.01 | 1.336 | 1.093–1.632 | <0.01 |
| Rural | 1.558 | 0.901–2.697 | 0.113 | 1.457 | .831–2.554 | .189 |
| AJCC T Stage | ||||||
| ≤T2 | Reference | |||||
| T3–T4 | 1.245 | 1.054–1.470 | 0.010 | 1.314 | 1.109–1.557 | <0.01 |
| Tx | 1.403 | 1.170–1.682 | <0.01 | 1.311 | 1.088–1.579 | <0.01 |
| Pelvic radiotherapy | ||||||
| No | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 0.630 | 0.551–0.721 | <0.01 | 0.770 | 0.661–0.897 | <0.01 |
| Abdominoperineal resection | ||||||
| No | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 0.941 | 0.665–1.332 | 0.732 | – | – | – |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| No | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 0.351 | 0.300–0.410 | <0.01 | 0.457 | 0.381–0.549 | <0.01 |