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. 2017 Nov 6;7:14544. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14983-9

Figure 1.

Figure 1

ELF-PEMF single exposure induces formation of •O2 − and H2O2 in hOBs. (a) Schematic overview on the investigated ROS cascade. Directly after single exposure (7 min) to ELF-PEMF intracellular ROS and GSH levels were determined in hOBs (N = 12; n = 4), using different fluorescent probes: (b) DCFH-DA assay was used to detect •O2 −, H2O2, HO• and ONOO−. To trap the ROS hOBs were co-incubated with either 25 µM α-tocopherol (•O2 − i), 10 mM sodium-pyruvate (H2O2i), 250 mM DMSO (HO•i) or 100 µM uric acid (ONOO− i); (c) DHE assay was used to detect •O2 −; (d) DHR123 assay was used to detect H2O2 and (e) MCB assay was used to detect intracellular GSH. Results were normalized to unstimulated hOBs (Ø). hOBs stimulated with 0.01% H2O2 were used as positive control (pc) or negative control (nc) to show functionality and specificity of the respective assays. ***p < 0.001 as indicated (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test, α = 0.05).