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. 2017 Nov 6;7:14531. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15008-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spectra and local sequence context of BPSs. (a) The frequency of each type of synonymous substitution. The spectrum for the spontaneous mutations for the wild type (top) and mutS-defective strain (middle), denoted as ΔS’, were obtained from previous studies^3,6. The spectrum for the UV-induced mutations was calculated by combining all strains (bottom). Error bars represent standard deviations from 1,000 Monte Carlo simulations for each dataset. These distributions significantly differed from each other (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, p < 0.05). The frequency of BPS was measured for each singlet nucleotide (b,d,e) or doublet (c,f) which appeared around the BPS (−10 bp to 10 bp). (b) and (c) show the schematics of the sequences (N means any nucleotide) around a BPS (indicated by triangles), where the frequency of BPS was calculated for each nucleotide (A, T, G, and C) −4 bp from the BPS in (b) or in any doublet −4.5 bp from the BPS in (c). Simulations were based on the Monte Carlo method with the mutational spectra observed for each dataset.