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. 2017 Nov 6;7:14514. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15108-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of thiostrepton on the epithelial barrier in a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Caco-2 cell monolayers were incubated with vehicle or 1, 10, or 100 µM thiostrepton. (a) After 24 h, the media were replaced with fresh medium, and the cells were cultured for an additional 24 h. TER values were monitored at 12, 18, 24 and 48 h; TER values are shown as a percentage of the TER value at 0 h. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). (b) The permeability for 4-kDa FITC–dextran was measured at 24 h. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05 vs vehicle-treated group, as determined by using Dunnett’s test. (c) The viability of cells treated with thiostrepton for 24 h was assessed by measuring the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium. Tween 20 (0.2%) served as the positive control. LDH release is shown as a percentage of the amount released by the vehicle-treated cells. Data are means ± SD (n = 3).