Table 1. . A summary of the electrical biosensors based on ZnO for detection of cardiac biomarkers.

Cardiac biomarker	ZnO nanostructures type	Detection format	Detection range	Lower detection limit	Ref.
cTnT	Nanorods	Immunosensor	1 fg/ml to 100 ng/ml	100 fg/ml	[72]
cTnT	Nanorods	Immunosensor	1 fg/ml to 100 ng/ml	1 pg/ml	[74]
cTnI	Nanoparticles	Electrical	1 ng/ml to 10 μg/ml	2.19 ng/ml	[71]
cTnI	Nanoparticles	FET	1 ng/ml to 10 μg/ml	3.24 pg/ml	[72]
cTnT & cTnI	Nanorods	Immunosensor	100 fg/ml to 100 ng/ml	1 pg/ml	[73]

FET: xxx.