Table 3. Multivariate survival analysis.

Variables	Coefficient	95% confidence interval		P value
		Lower	Upper
Treatment
Surgery	Reference
Neoadjuvant	0.60	0.53	0.68	<0.001
Adjuvant	0.52	0.48	0.56	<0.001
Age (years)
18–59	Reference
60–69	1.12	1.00	1.25	0.043
70–79	1.23	1.08	1.40	0.001
80–90	1.35	1.15	1.59	<0.001
Sex
Male	Reference
Female	0.96	0.89	1.04	0.309
Race
White	Reference
Black	0.89	0.83	1.37	0.606
Other	0.89	0.79	0.99	0.033
Hispanic	1.00	0.80	1.00	0.050
Insurance
Medicare	Reference
Private	0.91	0.82	1.01	0.065
Medicaid & other gov	1.01	0.86	1.20	0.866
Unknown	0.40	0.29	0.55	<0.001
Not Insured	1.07	0.83	1.37	0.606
Median income
<58,000	Reference
58,000–74,000	0.88	0.79	0.99	0.033
74,000–93,000	0.89	0.80	1.00	0.050
>93,000	0.81	0.72	0.91	<0.001
Comorbidities
CDCC score 0	Reference
CDCC score 1	1.03	0.95	1.12	0.462
CDCC score 2	1.24	1.08	1.43	0.002
Facility type
Community	Reference
Comprehensive community	0.91	0.75	1.09	0.301
Academic/research	0.79	0.65	0.95	0.013
Other	1.54	0.75	3.18	0.243
Facility location
Northeast	Reference
South	1.04	0.93	1.16	0.501
Midwest	1.12	1.00	1.25	0.046
West	0.87	0.76	0.99	0.036
Surgery type
Distal resection	Reference
Whipple	1.17	1.04	1.32	0.010
Total resection	1.10	0.95	1.28	0.203
Other	1.10	0.96	1.26	0.171
Surgical margins
No residual tumor	Reference
Residual tumor, NOS	1.57	1.39	1.78	<0.001
Microscopic residual tumor	1.62	1.46	1.80	<0.001
Macroscopic residual tumor	1.50	1.06	2.11	0.021
Indeterminate or unknown	1.16	0.94	1.43	0.177
Pathological stage
Stage 0	Reference
Stage 1	0.66	0.51	0.86	0.002
Stage 2	1.08	0.86	1.35	0.521
Stage 3	1.24	0.92	1.66	0.153
Stage 4	1.91	1.37	2.68	<0.001
Unknown	1.08	0.83	1.41	0.556
CA 19-9 (U/mL)
≤100	Reference
101–300	1.10	0.95	1.27	0.184
301–500	1.08	0.90	1.29	0.393
501–800	1.08	0.91	1.28	0.409
801–980	3.29	2.89	3.74	<0.001
>980	1.51	1.36	1.69	<0.001

NOS, not otherwise specified.