Table 3. Main Regression Results: Health Care Expenditures by HPI Participation & Plan Type.
| Total Expenditures | Facility Expenditures | Professional Expenditures | Pharmacy Expenditures | |||||
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| PMPM | P-Value | PMPM | P-Value | PMPM | P-Value | PMPM | P-Value | |
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| HPI Participants | $ 0.004 | 1.000 | $ (33.66) | 0.009 | $ 22.80 | 0.009 | $ 3.46 | 0.681 |
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| HPI Participants in 2009 | $ 25.74 | 0.275 | $ 24.95 | 0.177 | $ 5.09 | 0.551 | $ (0.87) | 0.860 |
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| HPI Participants in 2010 | $ 4.24 | 0.881 | $ 8.90 | 0.621 | $ 4.08 | 0.777 | $ (8.01) | 0.230 |
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| (HPI non-participants and year 2008 are the referent groups) | ||||||||
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| POS Plan Type (vs CDHP) | $ 154.71 | <.001 | $ 51.36 | <.001 | $ 42.55 | <.001 | $ 53.17 | <.001 |
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| PPO Plan Type (vs CDHP) | $ 130.79 | <.001 | $ 53.79 | <.001 | $ 25.40 | 0.011 | $ 49.85 | <.001 |
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| (CDHP plan type is the referent group) | ||||||||
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| HPI Participant Unique Members | 554 | -- | 554 | -- | 554 | -- | 554 | -- |
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| HPI Non-Participant Unique Members | 27,486 | -- | 27,486 | -- | 27,486 | -- | 27,486 | -- |
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p-values are robust clustered at the individual member level
model controlled for: age, gender, medical member months, active full-time employee months, and plan type PMPM: per-member, per-month
employees with ≥ $10,000 PMPM in total expenditures in any year were removed from regression analysis (in addition to exclusions noted for Table 1)