(A–B) Phosphorylated FoxO1 (A) and 3a (B) were measured in GAS muscles from wild type (WT) and TRB3TG (TG) mice. (C) The mRNA expression of atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and cathepsin L was determined in TA muscle. (D–E) The levels of phosphorylation of FoxO1 (D) and 3a (E) were measured in GAS muscles from WT and TRB3KO (KO) mice. (F) Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and cathepsin L mRNA expressions were determined in TA muscle. Data are the means ± S.E.M. (n = 5–6 per group). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. WT