Table 1.
Patient characteristics. Statistical significance for categorical variables tested using Pearson test and Deuchler-Wilcoxon procedure for continuous variables
| Characteristics | β-blocker
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Yes n = 3648 (65.0%) |
No n = 1428 (35.0%) |
|
| Age, Mean ±SD (years) | 64 ± 12† | 63 ± 13 |
| Body mass index, Mean ±SD (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 7.0† | 28.8 ± 6.4 |
| Male | 1859 (70.2%)† | 936 (65.6%) |
| Black | 180 (7.4%) | 74 (5.8%) |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 1034 (39.1%)† | 291 (20.4%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 356 (13.5%)* | 156 (10.9%) |
| Hypertension | 2100 (79.3%)† | 893 (62.5%) |
| Cardiac surgery | 332 (12.5%) | 163 (11.4%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1154 (43.6%)† | 461 (32.3%) |
| End stage renal disease | 83 (3.1%)* | 26 (1.8%) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 265 (10.0%)† | 101 (7.1%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1113 (42.0%)† | 442 (31.0%) |
| Chronic lung disease | 684 (25.8%)† | 285 (20.0%) |
| Current tobacco use | 74 (2.8%)† | 75 (5.3%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 491 (18.5%) | 232 (16.2%) |
| Number of narrowed coronary arteries | ||
| 0 | 474 (18.1%)† | 569 (40.6%) |
| 1 | 249 (9.5%)† | 182 (13.0%) |
| 2 | 569 (21.8%)† | 231 (16.5%) |
| 3 | 1323 (50.6%)† | 421 (30.0%) |
| Baseline Laboratory Values | ||
| Serum creatinine, Mean ±SD (mg/dL) | 1.31 ± 1.41† | 1.15 ± 0.97 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, Mean ±SD (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 70 ± 25† | 74 ± 23 |
| Hematocrit, Mean ±SD (%) | 38.7 ± 5.6† | 39.0 ± 6.0 |
| Type of Surgery | ||
| Coronary surgery | 1909 (72.1%)† | 675 (47.3%) |
| Aortic valve surgery | 488 (18.4%)† | 512 (35.6%) |
| Mitral valve surgery | 473 (17.9%)† | 343 (24.0%) |
| Complex surgery | 293 (11.0%) | 177 (12.4%) |
| On-pump | 1215 (45.9%)† | 965 (67.6%) |
SD = standard deviation; Complex surgery includes coronary + valve procedures.
*
p < 0.05.
†
p < 0.01.