Table 1. Early Life Exposures Impacting Allergic Disease Development.
Protective against Allergic Disease | Ref. | Promoting Allergic Disease | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Vaginal Birth | 16-19 | Prenatal/Postnatal Antibiotics | 15-16 |
Increased Microbial/Fungal Diversity | 6-11; 23-26; 102 | Viral lower respiratory tract infection (RSV, HRV) | 42-47 |
Increased number of siblings; later birth order | 15 | House Dust Mite, Cockroach, Mouse, and Fungal Exposure | 62-67; 71-75; 76-86; 96-101 |
Farm Exposure | 28; 34-40 | Prenatal/Postnatal Exposure to Air Pollution | 110-123; 125-126; 133-136 |
Endotoxin Exposure | 27-33 | Prenatal /Postnatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure | 131-132; 138-140 |