Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Cohort
| N (%) | |
|---|---|
| PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS | |
|
| |
| Gender | |
| • Males | 697 (58%) |
| • Females | 508 (42%) |
| Age (years) | 20 26 35 |
| BMI | 22.6 25.1 28.5 |
| Baseline Activity Level (Marx) | 4 11 16 |
|
| |
| PREVIOUS SURGICAL INFORMATION | |
|
| |
| Time since last ACL reconstruction (years) | 1.4 3.4 8.3 |
| Revision number | |
| • 1 | 1055 (88%) |
| • 2 | 125 (10%) |
| • 3 or more | 25 (2%) |
| Surgeon’s opinion of failure | |
| • Traumatic | 405 (34%) |
| • Technical | 265 (22%) |
| • Biologic/other | 135 (11%) |
| • Combination | 398 (33%) |
| Cause of technical failure (Surgeon opinion) | |
| • Tunnel malposition | 532 (45%) |
| • Other | 76 (6%) |
| • Combination | 114 (10%) |
| • None | 452 (39%) |
| Surgeon’s revision his/her own failure | |
| • No | 859 (72%) |
| • Yes | 341 (28%) |
| Prior surgical technique | |
| • One-incision | 975 (81%) |
| • Two-incision | 203 (17%) |
| • Open Arthrotomy | 22 (2%) |
| Technique of prior femoral tunnel | |
| • Single tunnel | 1167 (98%) |
| • Double tunnel | 18 (2%) |
| Previous femoral fixation | |
| • Interference screw | 721 (60%) |
| • Endobutton | 205 (17%) |
| • Cross pin | 149 (12%) |
| • Other | 101 (8%) |
| • Combination | 25 (2%) |
| Prior femoral tunnel aperture position1 | |
| • Ideal | 386 (33%) |
| • Ideal (both position + size), but enlarged tunnels | 28 (2%) |
| • Compromised (position) | 689 (58%) |
| • Compromised (size) | 20 (2%) |
| • Compromised (position + size) | 60 (5%) |
| Prior tibial fixation | |
| • Interference screw | 857 (71%) |
| • Other | 241 (20%) |
| • Combination | 101 (8%) |
| Prior tibial tunnel aperture position1 | |
| • Ideal | 721 (60%) |
| • Ideal (both position + size), but enlarged tunnels | 72 (6%) |
| • Compromised (position) | 338 (28%) |
| • Compromised (size) | 35 (3%) |
| • Compromised (position + size) | 27 (2%) |
|
| |
| CURRENT SURGICAL INFORMATION | |
|
| |
| Surgical exposure/technique | |
| • Anteromedial portal | 556 (46%) |
| • Transtibial | 426 (36%) |
| • 2 Incision | 211 (18%) |
| • Open Arthrotomy | 6(1%) |
| Notchplasty | |
| • No | 277 (23%) |
| • Yes | 927 (77%) |
| Femoral tunnel aperture position | |
| • Optimum position | 324 (27%) |
| • Same tunnel – but compromised position | 23 (2%) |
| • Blended new/old tunnel | 220 (18%) |
| • Entirely new tunnel | 590 (49%) |
| • Added a 2nd tunnel | 45 (4%) |
| Femoral tunnel bone graft | |
| • None | 1082 (90%) |
| • Staged (prior) | 87 (7%) |
| • Yes (current) | 32 (3%) |
| Femoral fixation | |
| • Interference screw (metal) | 522 (43%) |
| • Interference screw (bioabsorbable) | 154 (13%) |
| • Suture + button/endobutton | 251 (21%) |
| • Cross pin | 144 (12%) |
| • Other | 55 (5%) |
| • Combination | 76 (6%) |
| Tibial tunnel aperture position | |
| • Optimum position | 692 (58%) |
| • Same tunnel – but compromised position | 23 (2%) |
| • Blended new tunnel | 248 (21%) |
| • Entirely new tunnel | 199 (17%) |
| • Added a 2nd tunnel | 41 (3%) |
| Tibial tunnel bone graft | |
| • None | 1076 (89%) |
| • Staged (prior) | 93(8%) |
| • Yes (current) | 34 (3%) |
| Tibial fixation | |
| • Interference screw (metal) | 386 (32%) |
| • Interference screw (bioabsorbable) | 297 (25%) |
| • Interference screw + suture | 41(3%) |
| • Intrafix | 107 (9%) |
| • Other | 124 (10%) |
| • Combination | 247 (21%) |
| Graft | |
| • Autograft – BTB | 336 (28%) |
| • Autograft – soft tissue | 244 (20%) |
| • Allograft – BTB | 287 (24%) |
| • Allograft – soft tissue | 298 (25%) |
| • Other (ie. autograft +allograft) | 39 (3%) |
| Biologic enhancement | |
| • No | 1103 (92%) |
| • Yes | 97 (8%) |
| Knee position at the time of graft fixation (degrees of flexion) | 0 10 20 |
| Knee position at the time of graft fixation (degrees of hyperextension) | 0 0 0 |
| Surgeon experience (years) | 8 13 18 |
Key: a b crepresents the lower quartile a, the median b, and the upper quartile c for continuous variables.
1
All tunnel determinations for position and size are individual surgeons’ determinations. BTB = bone-patellar tendon-bone