Table 5.
Associations (β [95% CI]) of Factor 5 and the BCAA pattern with adiposity and metabolic risk during mid-childhood (age 6–10 y).
| Factor 5 | BCAA | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Mid-childhood outcomes | ||
| Adiposity | ||
| BMI z-score | 0.12 (−0.07, 0.30) | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.19) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.58 (−1.01, 2.18) | 1.27 (−0.34, 2.88) |
| DXA total fat (kg) | 0.25 (−0.48, 0.99) | 0.50 (−0.22, 1.22) |
| DXA trunk fat (kg) | 0.12 (−0.22, 0.46) | 0.21 (−0.12, 0.54) |
| Metabolic risk | ||
| Glycemia | ||
| Fasting insulin (uU/mL) | 0.36 (−0.58, 1.30) | 1.01 (0.09, 1.93) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | −0.23 (−3.03, 2.57) | −1.37 (−4.18, 1.44) |
| HOMA-IRb | −0.09 (−0.36, 0.19) | 0.06 (−0.22, 0.34) |
| Lipid profile | ||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | −2.83 (−6.57, 0.92) | −2.00 (−5.82, 1.82) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | −2.83 (−7.59, 1.93) | 2.01 (−2.84, 6.85) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | −0.12 (−2.39, 2.15) | 0.84 (−1.46, 3.15) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | −2.14 (−6.32, 2.03) | 1.56 (−2.68, 5.81) |
| Adipocytokines | ||
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 1.20 (−0.42, 2.81) | 1.73 (0.03, 3.44) |
| Adiponectin (ug/mL) | 0.05 (−1.51, 1.61) | 1.40 (−0.25, 3.04) |
| Blood pressure | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.45 (−1.02, 1.91) | 0.76 (−0.72, 2.24) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 0.12 (−0.78, 1.03) | 0.11 (−0.80, 1.03) |
| MetRisk z-scored | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) |
a
Estimates are adjusted for child’s race, age at the mid-childhood visit, and sex.
b
Calculated as [fasting insulin × fasting serum glucose]/405
c
Calculated as the average of 5 internally-standardized z-scores for waist circumference, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides/HDL, and (SBP+DBP)/2.