Table 2.
Multivariate Logistic Regression Models for Association between Patient Characteristics and Positive Patient–Provider Communication about Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment.
| Model 1 |
Model 1 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did a doctor ever tell you that some experts disagree about whether men should have PSA tests? | Has a doctor or other healthcare professional ever told you that the PSA test is not always accurate? | Has a doctor or other healthcare professional ever told you that treating any type of prostate cancer can lead to serious side effects, such as problems with urination or having sex? | Has a doctor or other healthcare professional ever told you that some types of prostate cancer are slow-growing and need no treatment? | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Regular provider | ||||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yes | 1.444 | [0.754, 2.767] | 1.415 | [0.748, 2.677] | 1.745* | [1.032, 2.948] | 1.487 | [0.833, 2.652] |
| Most recent check-up | ||||||||
| >5 years or never | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| <12 months | 7.569** | [1.975, 29.001] | 3.084 | [0.764, 12.453] | 1.366 | [0.425, 4.393] | 1.980 | [0.490, 7.995] |
| 1-2 years | 9.694** | [2.238, 41.983] | 6.108* | [1.486, 25.106] | 2.158 | [0.555, 8.382] | 1.855 | [0.485, 7.100] |
| 3-5 years | 6.423* | [1.317, 31.334] | 3.669 | [0.946, 14.229] | 1.297 | [0.366, 4.595] | 2.329 | [0.559, 9.709] |
| Health insurance coverage | ||||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yes | 0.370 | [0.118, 1.157] | 0.649 | [0.248, 1.703] | 0.949 | [0.384, 2.346] | 1.162 | [0.247, 5.457] |
| Age-group (years) | ||||||||
| 40-49 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 50-64 | 1.456 | [0.538, 3.944] | 1.987 | [0.870, 4.538] | 1.992* | [1.063, 3.736] | 2.366* | [1.160, 4.827] |
| >65 | 2.136 | [0.643, 7.101] | 2.809* | [1.093, 7.215] | 2.703** | [1.284, 5.688] | 3.567** | [1.572, 8.095] |
| Married | ||||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yes | 1.781* | [1.134, 2.798] | 1.146 | [0.777, 1.689] | 0.953 | [0.600, 1.514] | 0.964 | [0.635, 1.464] |
| Education Level | ||||||||
| Less than high school | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| High school graduate | 0.818 | [0.165, 4.052] | 1.015 | [0.299, 3.442] | 0.464 | [0.177, 1.218] | 0.771 | [0.175, 3.392] |
| Some college | 0.905 | [0.174, 4.703] | 1.239 | [0.367, 4.185] | 0.591 | [0.222, 1.578] | 1.064 | [0.283, 4.002] |
| College graduate or more | 1.216 | [0.274, 5.384] | 1.903 | [0.617, 5.872] | 0.562 | [0.214, 1.48] | 1.402 | [0.365, 5.381] |
| Hispanic ethnicity | ||||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yes | 1.397 | [0.589, 3.310] | 0.766 | [0.349, 1.683] | 1.145 | [0.480, 2.729] | 1.249 | [0.553, 2.823] |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| African American | 1.012 | [0.257, 3.992] | 0.917 | [0.321, 2.622] | 1.451 | [0.739, 2.847] | 1.099 | [0.423, 2.858] |
| Other | 1.164 | [0.355, 3.817] | 0.934 | [0.353, 2.473] | 2.646* | [1.100, 6.368] | 1.827 | [0.753, 4.435] |
| Annual household income ($) | ||||||||
| <20,000 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 20,000-34,999 | 1.971 | [0.649, 5.978] | 1.115 | [0.430, 2.889] | 0.74 | [0.356, 1.539] | 2.026 | [0.686, 5.979] |
| 35,000-49,999 | 2.508 | [0.934, 6.733] | 0.865 | [0.352, 2.124] | 0.942 | [0.483, 1.838] | 3.046** | [1.362, 6.813] |
| 50,000-74,999 | 2.195 | [0.908, 5.31] | 1.325 | [0.580, 3.027] | 1.724 | [0.716, 4.147] | 2.275 | [0.948, 5.457] |
| ≥75,000 | 2.438 | [0.946, 6.287] | 1.309 | [0.547, 3.131] | 0.844 | [0.400, 1.781] | 2.364 | [0.919, 6.081] |
| Family member ever had cancer | ||||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yes | 1.216 | [0.680, 2.175] | 1.365 | [0.865, 2.156] | 1.321 | [0.850, 2.053] | 1.544 | [0.928, 2.57] |
| Not sure | 1.223 | [0.469, 3.187] | 0.980 | [0.416, 2.311] | 0.472 | [0.214, 1.043] | 0.652 | [0.265, 1.601] |
| Global health status | ||||||||
| Excellent or very good | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Good | 0.917 | [0.589, 1.430] | 0.786 | [0.482, 1.280] | 0.606* | [0.392, 0.937] | 0.625* | [0.418, 0.935] |
| Poor or fair | 0.927 | [0.337, 2.556] | 0.753 | [0.351, 1.613] | 0.666 | [0.340, 1.308] | 0.660 | [0.284, 1.534] |
| Perception about chance of getting cancer | ||||||||
| Very likely or unlikely | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Neither unlikely nor likely | 1.538 | [0.833, 2.840] | 1.145 | [0.763, 1.718] | 1.154 | [0.804, 1.658] | 0.864 | [0.503, 1.484] |
| Likely or very likely | 1.554 | [0.741, 3.263] | 1.347 | [0.767, 2.366] | 1.167 | [0.712, 1.912] | 1.010 | [0.511, 1.995] |
| Location of residence | ||||||||
| Urban | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Rural | 0.979 | [0.523, 1.833] | 1.078 | [0.664, 1.752] | 0.841 | [0.486, 1.452] | 0.952 | [0.536, 1.688] |
| Ever had PSA test? | ||||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yes | 5.412*** | [2.504, 11.697] | 6.787*** | [3.658, 12.592] | 6.199*** | [3.437, 11.183] | 5.867*** | [3.373, 10.205] |
Note. PSA = prostate-specific antigen; OR = odds ratio. Exponentiated coefficients, 95% confidence intervals (CI) in brackets.
*
p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.