Table 1. miRNA with expression changes after 30 minutes and 24 hours of differentiation: changes seen only in cells stably transduced with the empty vector.
| miR | Target | Gene function | 30 minutes | 24 hours |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimal change at 30 minutes# – increased expression at 24 hours | ||||
| 210-5p | E2F3COX1FBXO32 | Proliferative transcription factorProstaglandin synthase – inhibits myogenesisExpression promotes muscle atrophy | −1.06 | 5.26 |
| 136-3p | 1.26 | 3.34 | ||
| 33-5p | ABCA1 | Influences intracellular cholesterol transport | −1.26 | 3.18 |
| 34c-3p | NCL | Maturation of ribosomes – inhibits Rb | 1.14 | 3.04 |
| 133a-3p | NFATc4 Cdc42 Rhoa CCND2 SRF Pola1 Prdm16 Prkacb |
Synergizes with MyoD to express myogenin Important for mitotic progression Downregulated in late myogenesis Proliferative control in G1 Essential for myoblast proliferation and fusion Initiation of DNA replication Promotes mitochondrial biogenesis Promote expression of early myogenic markers |
−1.02 | 2.87 |
| 149-5p | E2F1ABCA1 | Proliferative transcription factorInfluences intracellular cholesterol transport | 1.02 | 2.68 |
| 450a-5p | HNRNPK | RNA processing – suppresses myogenesis | −1.06 | 2.56 |
| 434-5p | RTL1 | Promotes muscle hypertrophy | 1.12 | 2.36 |
| *322-3p | 1.12 | 2.25 | ||
| 542-3p | COX2 | Prostaglandin synthase – inhibits myogenesis | −1.21 | 2.14 |
| 341-3p | 1.02 | 2.12 | ||
| 483-5p | NCLSOCS3 | Maturation of ribosomes – inhibits RbPromotes myogenesis – inhibits Jak/STAT | 1.07 | 2.02 |
| 666-5p | ZEB2 | Represses expression of E-cadherin | −1.09 | 1.90 |
| 409-3p | 1.00 | 1.75 | ||
| 380-3p | −1.04 | 1.75 | ||
| 23b-3p | FBXO32 HES1 SMAD3 NOTCH1 ABCA1 |
Expression promotes muscle atrophy Target of NOTCH – inhibits expression MyoD Inhibits expression of myostatin Myoblast proliferation – inhibits myogenesis Influences intracellular cholesterol transport |
−1.07 | 1.46 |
| 6944-3p | −1.11 | 1.38 | ||
| Minimal change at 30 minutes# – decreased expression at 24 hours | ||||
| 151-3p | −1.08 | −1.36 | ||
| 181d-5p | RUNX1 | Activated by MyoD – promotes myogenesis | −1.12 | −1.42 |
| Let-7b-5p | MTPN | Growth factor that promotes muscle growth | 1.21 | −1.56 |
| 21a-5p | Pdcd4 Spry2 PTEN Reck Tgfbi |
Overexpression promotes myogenesis Negatively affects FGF to promote myogenesis Loss promotes myogenesis Increase promotes ECM interactions in muscle ECM protein on surface of muscle fibers |
−1.09 | −1.63 |
| 93-5p | STAT3 | Promotes later differentiation | −1.02 | −1.72 |
| 28a-3p | −1.12 | −1.85 | ||
| 183-5p | −1.26 | −1.85 | ||
| Let-7a-5p | IL13 Trim71 Lin28a IL6 |
Secreted by myotubes to recruit cells Associates with AGO2 to bind miRNA Disrupts maturation of miRNA Expression needed for fusion and myogenesis |
1.03 | −2.04 |
| Let-7d-5p | BDNF | Neurotropic factor that promotes myogenesis | 1.11 | −2.08 |
| Let-7i-5p | −1.29 | −2.17 | ||
| 106b-3p | −1.12 | −2.22 | ||
| Let-7g-5p | −1.17 | −2.27 | ||
| 17-5p | ESR1 CRIM1 HIPK3 TUSC2 |
Estrogen receptor – required for fusion Transmembrane protein expressed in muscle Enhances AR to promote myogenesis Promotes G1 arrest |
−1.05 | −2.32 |
| 92b-3p | 1.08 | −2.38 | ||
| 20a-5p | STAT3 PTEN SHOX2 VEGFA ULK1 |
Promotes later differentiation Loss promotes myogenesis Required for normal myogenesis Growth factor that induces myogenesis Promotes autophagy, required for myogenesis |
−1.06 | −2.43 |
| 196b-5p | 1.10 | −2.5 | ||
| Let-7c-5p | Myc Lin28a EZH2 |
Inhibits MyoD activity and myogenesis Disrupts maturation of miRNA Represses expression of MyoD |
1.08 | −2.56 |
| 149-3p | −1.16 | −5.00 | ||
| Increased expression at 30 minutes – changed expression at 24 hours | ||||
| 2137 | 3.13 | 3.65 | ||
| 466i-3p | CDC14A | Regulates exit from mitosis | 3.22 | 2.66 |
| 667-3p | 2.65 | 7.87 | ||
| *503-5p | FGFR1 FGF2 WEE1 CDC14A AGO2 ATF6 CCNF Bcl2 CDC25A CHEK1 CCNE1 CCND1 CDKN1A CCNE2 |
Growth factor receptor, inhibits myogenesis Growth factor – inhibits myogenesis Regulates entry into mitosis Regulates exit from mitosis Part of RISC complex, miRNA maturation ER stress response – promotes apoptosis Cyclin F – G2/M arrest Anti-apoptotic protein Required for G1/S progression Phosphorylates CDC25A to delay cell cycle Cyclin E1 – regulates G1/S Cyclin D1 – regulates G1/S Inhibits G1/S progression Cyclin E2 – regulates G1/S |
1.55 | 4.68 |
| 6356 | 1.73 | −1.12 | ||
| Let-7d-3p | CCND1 | Cyclin D1 – regulates G1/S | 1.36 | −1.16 |
| 25-5p | CDKN1A | Inhibits G1/S progression | 1.94 | −10.00 |
| Decreased expression at 30 minutes – changed expression at 24 hours | ||||
| 139-5p | Kit Shc Jun IGF1R FOXO1 RUNX1 |
Receptor – promotes myogenesis from skin Adaptor protein for multiple growth factors Represses myogenic activity Promotes myogenesis Regulates proliferation – inhibits myogenesis Activated by MyoD – promotes myogenesis |
−1.78 | 6.97 |
| 210-3p | NFkB1 Tcf7L2 |
Subunit of NFkB – inhibits myogenesis Promotes early, inhibits late differentiation |
−1.36 | 4.58 |
| *133a-5p | RhoA | GTPase detrimental to myogenesis | −1.40 | 3.43 |
| 351-3p | −1.63 | 2.98 | ||
| 501-3p | AR | Upregulates expression of MyoD/myogenin | −1.35 | 1.70 |
| *181a-1-3p | AR DNMT3A |
Upregulates expression of MyoD/myogenin Pro-myogenic DNA methyltransferase |
−1.52 | −1.02 |
| 10a-5p | BCL2l11 KLF4 |
Proapoptotic protein Promyogenic transcription factor |
−1.32 | −1.32 |
| *181c-3p | −1.58 | −1.82 | ||
| 27a-5p | RUNX1 Prpm15 PPARA CREB1 |
Activated by MyoD – promotes myogenesis Induces mitochondrial biogenesis Induces mitochondrial biogenesis Induces mitochondrial biogenesis |
−1.37 | −2.70 |
Fold expression changes indicate the miRNA gene expression at 30 minutes or 24 hours relative to levels seen in proliferating cells. The asterisk indicates microRNAs known to be myomiRs. #Minimal change is considered to be miRNA expression between −1.30 and +1.30 fold change relative to proliferation levels.