Table 4. Previous FDG PET studies of animal heart in vivo for assessment of myocardial glucose utilization.

Reference	Animal models	FDG PET	Time points	Injection route	Glucose clamp	glucose uptake/MRGlu	LV function
Yue et al., 2007 [27]	db/db and db/+ mice	Static	W9	IV	Insulin tolerance test	↓glucose uptake	Preserved EF
Shoghi et al., 2008 [13]	Type 2 diabetic ZDF rat	Dynamic	W14, W19	IV	No	↓MRGlu, no difference in aging	Preserved FS
Ménard et al., 2010 [28]	Diet-induced Type 2 diabetic rat	Dynamic	W14	IV	Yes	↓MRGlu	↓EF
Thorn et al., 2013 [29]	Type 1 diabetic STZ mice	Dynamic	Baseline, 2wk after STZ	IV	No	↓MRGlu	No mention
Nemanich et al., 2013 [30]	Type 2 diabetic ZDF rat	Dynamic	W14	IV	No	↓MRGlu	No mention
Abdurrachim et al., 2017 [31]	db/db and db/+ mice	Static	W10	IV	No	↓glucose uptake	Preserved EF

ZDF, Zucker Diabetic Fatty. STZ, streptozotocin. IV, intravenous. MRGlu, rate of myocardial glucose uptake. FS, fractional shortening. EF, ejection fraction.

↑and↓stand for increased and decreased effect, respectively.