Table 4.
Demographical and global cognitive results and analysis of the amount of proposition and narrative structure
| Item | Group |
Kruskal-Wallis test (P) | Tukey multiple comparison test (P) | Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aMCI | mAD | HC | ||||
| Age | ||||||
| Mean | 73.3 | 78.2 | 74.8 | |||
| Median | 73.0 | 78.0 | 72.0 | .090 | — | aMCI = mAD = HC |
| Standard deviation | 5.9 | 5.1 | 11.3 | |||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Education (years) | ||||||
| Mean | 10.8 | 8.6 | 11.4 | |||
| Median | 11.0 | 7.5 | 11.0 | .131 | — | aMCI = mAD = HC |
| Standard deviation | 4.5 | 5.5 | 2.6 | |||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Mini–Mental State Examination | ||||||
| Mean | 28.25 | 22.95 | 29.30 | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| Median | 28.50 | 21.50 | 30.00 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .234 | mAD < aMCI = HC |
| Standard deviation | 1.12 | 3.17 | 0.92 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Verbal Fluency—FAS | ||||||
| Mean | 34.45 | 19.20 | 35.60 | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| Median | 31.00 | 18.00 | 32.50 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .917 | mAD < aMCI = HC |
| Standard deviation | 9.75 | 7.94 | 9.66 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Verbal Fluency—Verb | ||||||
| Mean | 13.10 | 6.05 | 13.75 | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| Median | 13.00 | 5.00 | 12.50 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .869 | mAD < aMCI = HC |
| Standard deviation | 4.01 | 3.25 | 4.78 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Verbal Fluêncy—Animals | ||||||
| Mean | 14.50 | 7.90 | 14.90 | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| Median | 14.00 | 8.00 | 14.00 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .860 | mAD < aMCI = HC |
| Standard deviation | 2.59 | 2.13 | 2.51 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Boston Naming Test | ||||||
| Mean | 42.40 | 22.45 | 49.30 | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| Median | 43.00 | 23.00 | 49.50 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .004∗ | mAD < aMCI < HC |
| Standard deviation | 7.74 | 7.32 | 3.64 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Camel and Cactus Test | ||||||
| Mean | 52.55 | 40.70 | 56.30 | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| Median | 53.00 | 40.00 | 57.00 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .029∗ | mAD < aMCI < HC |
| Standard deviation | 3.43 | 6.44 | 2.74 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Number of propositions | ||||||
| Mean | 14.25 | 5.50 | 17.15 | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| Median | 15.50 | 4.00 | 18.00 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .118 | mAD < aMCI = HC |
| Standard deviation | 4.94 | 5.34 | 3.07 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Orientation | ||||||
| Mean | 3.90 | 1.90 | 4.85 | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .432 | ||
| Median | 4.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | .001∗ | (aMCI × mAD) (P) = .030∗ | mAD < aMCI = HC |
| Standard deviation | 2.90 | 2.00 | 2.25 | (mAD × HC) (P) = .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Problem | ||||||
| Mean | 3.30 | 1.30 | 4.15 | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .201 | ||
| Median | 3.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | mAD < aMCI = GG |
| Standard deviation | 1.78 | 1.63 | 1.18 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Development | ||||||
| Mean | 8.35 | 2.45 | 9.70 | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .324 | ||
| Median | 9.00 | 2.00 | 9.00 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | mAD < aMCI = HC |
| Standard deviation | 3.38 | 2.67 | 2.75 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
| Conclusion | ||||||
| Mean | 1.80 | 0.85 | 1.95 | (aMCI × HC) (P) = .783 | ||
| Median | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | <.001∗ | (aMCI × mAD) (P) < .001∗ | mAD < aMCI = HC |
| Standard deviation | 0.70 | 0.93 | 0.39 | (mAD × HC) (P) < .001∗ | ||
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | |||
Abbreviations: aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; mAD, mild Alzheimer's disease; HC, healthy control.
∗
Statistical difference.