Table 8.

Results

Study	Whole Brain Analysis	ROI analysis
Allan et al.	Decrease in gray matter for all patients in left superior frontal gyrus and right precuneus No significant finding for the severe tinnitus group Increase in WM in left Heschl’s Gyrus and cochlear nucleus for the tinnitus patients with normal hearing group	Increase in gray matter in the superior olivary complex when looking at all patients For the matched cohorts, there were no significant findings No significant findings for tinnitus patients with normal hearing vs. controls
Boyen et al.	No significant finding	Increases in gray matter in the left primary auditory cortex Decreases in gray matter in both inferior temporal areas
Husain et al.	No significant finding	No significant finding
Krick et al.	Tinnitus patients had significant GM increase with musical therapy in Heschl’s Gyrus, and the Rolandic operculum when compared to active controls
Landgrebe et al.	No significant finding	Decrease in gray matter in the right inferior colliculus, and the left hippocampus
Leaver et al. (2011)	Tinnitus patients had significantly less in gray matter of subcallosal region, vmPFC. Increase in vmPFC white matter in tinnitus patients	Tinnitus patients had significantly less in gray matter of subcallosal region, vmPFC. Increase in vmPFC white matter in tinnitus patients
Leaver et al. (2012)	Tinnitus patients less GM volume in vmPFC, dmPFC, left supramarginal gyrus	Decrease in gray matter bilaterally in ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Mahoney et al.	Tinnitus patients had increased gray matter in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus and sulcus and reduced gray matter in bilateral orbitofrontal cortices
Melcher et al.	No significant findings	No significant finding
Mühlau et al.	Decrease in gray matter in the subcallosal area	Increase in gray matter in the right geniculate body
Schecklmann et al. (2012)	Cluster analysis of VBM data showed that groups differed in gray matter volume in medial frontal, cingulate, temporal, insular, pre- and postcentral, and thalamic areas
Schecklmann et al. (2013)	Decrease of gray matter in bilateral middle and superior temporal cortex (including Heschel’s gyrus and insula) associated with tinnitus severity
Vanneste et al.	Decrease in gray matter correlated with tinnitus distress loudness and duration	Reduced gray matter density for the unilateral tinnitus patients in comparison to the bilateral tinnitus patients in the right primary auditory cortex which is in association with tinnitus lateralization