Table 1.

Comparison of clinical manifestations between paroxysmal symptoms and transient ischemic attack (TIA).

	Paroxysmal symptoms	TIA
Trigger	Can be triggered by sensory stimuli, hyperventilation, or movement (7)	Decreased perfusion pressure
Brevity	Lasting seconds to minutes	Lasting minutes to hours
Frequency	From 10 to 20 times per day up to a few hundred times per day	Less than 10 times per day, even once per week
Clinical course	Tend to continue in clusters with great intensity for days up to a few months. Followed by remission	Continue for days and sometimes proceed to stroke
Response to carbamazepine	Good response	No response