Cytokine pattern and phenotype of osthole-treated bone marrow-derived DCs. (a) Cytotoxic effect of osthole on DCs, which were treated with different doses of osthole for 48 h. Cell viability was detected by the MTT assay. (b–f) Levels of IL-10, IL-12 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) from osthole-treated DCs with LPS stimulation. DCs were treated with various concentrations of osthole or medium alone and then activated with LPS. Supernatants were collected and analyzed using ELISA kits. (g) Expression levels of MHC class II, CD54, CD80 and CD86 on DCs. DCs were treated with medium, osthole (10 μg/ml), LPS (100 ng/ml) or osthole plus LPS. After incubation, the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Values shown in the flow cytometric profiles are the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). DCs were gated on CD11c, and the incidence of CD11c+ cells expressing the surface marker is indicated within each histogram. (h) The MFI was calculated. The results are expressed as the mean±s.e.m. from three independent experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs LPS-treated DCs (LPS group).