FIG 1 .

Positively charged PPMOs are still effective against mcr-1-positive E. coli. (A) PPMOs targeted to the acpP gene sequence of E. coli MG1655 are displayed with their designation numbers and conjugated peptides. The locations of the peptides indicate the 5′ versus 3′ attachment (X indicates 6-hexanoic acid, and B indicates beta-alanine). The Shine-Dalgarno and ATG start site are indicated in red. (B) The MIC₅₀ values for the five mcr-1-positive strains are presented compared to that for the standard, ATCC 25922. PPMOs targeting the essential genes for acyl carrier protein (acpP) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (murA) are depicted to the left, and appropriate controls are to the right. The color coding of the PPMOs refers to the four different peptide conjugates for comparison. MRSN, MRSN 388634.