Table 2. Association between outcomes possible PTSD and probable PTSD and cognitive ability score in Danish Army military personnel evaluated in two multilevel logistic regression models per outcome.
| Outcomea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Possible PTSD | Probable PTSD | |||
| Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 1b | Model 2c | |
| Independent variables | OR (CI) | OR (CI) | OR (CI) | OR (CI) |
| Cognitive ability scored | 0.90 (0.85–0.94) | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) |
| Level of education at time of conscription | ||||
| Low or middle level | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| High level | 0.73 (0.59–0.90) | 0.64 (0.51–0.80) | 0.63 (0.44–0.89) | 0.54 (0.39–0.76) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 4.14 (2.86–5.99) | 6.19 (4.23–9.05) | 3.69 (2.11–6.44) | 5.38 (3.15–9.21) |
| Age at deployment | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | ||
| Marital status at deployment | ||||
| Married or cohabitant | 1 | 1 | ||
| Single | 1.08 (0.90–1.30) | 1.11 (0.83–1.47) | ||
| Military rank at deployment | ||||
| Private | 1 | 1 | ||
| Non-commissioned officer, commissioned officer or civilian | 0.45 (0.35–0.58) | 0.49 (0.33–0.71) | ||
| Social support during deployment and after homecoming | ||||
| Low-medium | 1 | 1 | ||
| High | 0.72 (0.60–0.86) | 0.62 (0.47–0.83) | ||
| Perceived war-zone stress scoree | 1.25 (1.22–1.29) | 1.28 (1.23–1.33) | ||
| Deployment country or region | ||||
| The Balkans | 1 | 1 | ||
| Afghanistan | 1.65 (1.30–2.10) | 1.34 (0.92–1.95) | ||
| Iraq | 1.05 (0.80–1.39) | 0.67 (0.42–1.06) | ||
| Other | 0.82 (0.37–1.85) | 1.21 (0.38–3.91) | ||
OR, Odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Possible PTSD: cut-off score 24.5 on PRIM-PTSD scale, used for screening. Probable PTSD: cut-off score 29.5 on PRIM-PTSD scale, used to identify suspected clinical cases.
Outcome recorded 6–8 months post-deployment.
Model 1: Adjustment for gender and level of education at time of conscript board examination.
Model 2: Model 1 with additional adjustment for deployment-related variables: age at deployment, marital status, military rank, social support during and after deployment, danger/injury score (perceived war-zone stress during deployment) and deployment country/region.
OR for cognitive ability score increased by half standard deviation (7.5) is shown.
OR for perceived war-zone stress score increased by one unit is shown.