Table 3.

Gene, function and the activators of NLRs.

Subfamily	Gene	Function	Activator	Refs
NLRA	CIITA	MHC class II expression	IFNγ	[108]
NLRB	Naip	control of legionella pneumophila infection	flagellin	[109]
NLRC	NOD1	NF-κB	DAP	[110], [111], [112]
	NOD2	NF-κB, autophagy, type 1 IFN production	MDP	[113], [114]
	NLRC3	negative regulator of T cell activation, response to LPS & TRAF6	unknown	[115], [116]
	NLRC5	inflammatory response & MHC class I upregulation	IFNγ, IFNβ	[117], [118], [119]
	NLRC4	caspase 1 activation, cell death, phagosome maturation	rod proteins, flagellin	[120], [121], [122], [123]
	NLRX1	ROS production & antiviral response	unknown	[124], [125], [126], [127]
NLRP	NLRP1	response to anthrax bacteria	lethal toxin, MDP	[128], [129]
	NLRP10	dendritic cell migration	unknown	[130], [131]
	NLRPs 2–9, 11–14
	NLRP2	embryonic development, caspase 1 activation, TRAF6 suppression	unknown	[132], [133], [134]
	NLRP3	caspase 1 activation	ATP, K+ efflux, alum, asbestos, silica, ROS, fungi, MSU, HA, amyloid, nanoparticle	[135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [142], [143], [144], [145], [146]
	NLRP4	embryogenesis, suppression of type 1 IFN, autophagy, & TRAF6	unknown	[147], [148], [149], [150]
	NLRP5	embryogenesis	unknown	[151]
	NLRP6	NF-κB inhibition & caspase 1 activation	unknown	[152], [153]
	NLRP7	embryonic development, caspase 1 activation	lipopetides	[154], [155], [156]
	NLRP12	inhibition of noncanonical NF-κB, ERK, & AKT pathway, activation caspase 1	Yersinia	[157], [158], [159]
	NLRP14	spermatogenesis		[160]

See Appendix 1 for list of abbreviations.