Fig. 5.

Changes in thickness ratio $h/H$ (deformed/undeformed) for various values of core swelling ${\upsilon }^{*}$ and sheath residual stress (prescribed by opening angles ${\Phi }_{\mathrm{o}}$) from (i)–(iii). Each subpanel shows changes as a function of increasing core thickness $H_{\mathrm{c}}$ (represented by darker shading on the plotted curves and local arrows) and varying sheath thickness $H_{\mathrm{s}}$ (along the abscissa) for (a) a control case with no swelling or residual stress, (b) varying core swelling (${\upsilon }^{*}$), and (c) varying sheath residual stress (opening angles ${\Phi }_{\mathrm{o}}$).