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. 2017 Nov 7;7:14664. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15288-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene expression analysis in the spleen of mice. (A) RT-qPCR analysis of Th1 and Th2 specific cytokines relative expression. In comparison between the infected groups of both the diets, the Th1 cytokines such as IL-12p40 (p = 0.0595) and IFN-γ was significantly downregulated, and the Th2 cytokines such as IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β were significantly upregulated in the diet-D. Whereas, in the comparison between the infected diet-D and its leptin-treated group, IL-12p40 (p = 0.0551) and IFN-γ were significantly upregulated, and the Th2 cytokines were significantly down-regulated in the leptin-treated group. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of Th1 specific cytokine concentration (pg/ml) in SLA-stimulated splenocytes culture supernatant with mean ± SD. In comparison between the uninfected groups of both the diets, IFN-γ and TNF-α were produced at the lower rate in the diet-D compared to diet-A. In comparison between the infected groups of both the diets, IFN-γ and IL-2 were produced at the lower rate in the diet-D compared to diet-A. Whereas, in the comparison between the infected diet-D and its leptin treated group, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were produced in abundant quantity in the leptin-treated group. Collective data of two independent experiments are shown.