Table 1.
Cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models for factors associated with non-cardiac death.
| Variable | Non-cardiac death N = 647 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N of patients with event (proportion among patients with event) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | <0.001 | |
| Male | 281 (43%) | 1.53 (1.28–1.82) | <0.001 |
| BMI <22|| | 467 (72%) | 1.33 (1.11–1.60) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension | 457 (71%) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.09 |
| Current smoking | 26 (4.0%) | 0.92 (0.60–1.35) | 0.69 |
| Diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy | 46 (7.1%) | 1.55 (1.12–2.10) | 0.01 |
| Prior symptomatic stroke | 135 (21%) | 1.38 (1.13–1.67) | 0.002 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 62 (9.6%) | 0.89 (0.65–1.20) | 0.45 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 181 (28%) | 1.36 (1.13–1.63) | 0.001 |
| Aortic/peripheral vascular disease | 66 (10%) | 1.32 (1.00–1.72) | 0.053 |
| Serum creatinine >0.83 | 386 (60%) | 1.11 (0.92–1.33) | 0.27 |
| Dialysis | 105 (16%) | 2.85 (2.21–3.65) | <0.001 |
| Anemia§ | 451 (70%) | 1.48 (1.23–1.78) | <0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 13 (2.0%) | 1.69 (0.91–2.88) | 0.09 |
| Malignancy currently under treatment | 65 (10%) | 3.19 (2.41–4.14) | <0.001 |
| Lung disease ≥moderate | 27 (4.2%) | 1.33 (0.88–1.92) | 0.18 |
| Coronary artery disease | 195 (30%) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 0.87 |
| Vmax ≥4 m/s | 304 (47%) | 0.94 (0.79–1.11) | 0.44 |
| LVEF <68% | 448 (69%) | 1.41 (1.19–1.68) | <0.001 |
| Any valvular disease | 288 (45%) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 0.80 |
| TR pressure gradient >40 mmHg | 107 (17%) | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) | 0.93 |
| Admission for heart failure at Index echocardiography | 144 (22%) | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 0.49 |
| Initial AVR cohort | 108 (17%) | 0.58 (0.46–0.73) | <0.001 |
AVR = aortic valve replacement, BMI = body mass index, CI = confidence interval, and HR = hazard ratio, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, TR = tricuspid regurgitation, and Vmax = peak aortic jet velocity.
||Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
§Anemia was defined by the World Health Organization criteria (hemoglobin <12.0 g/dL in women and <13.0 g/dL in men).