Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 114 patients initially presenting with TTC.
| Variables | No-cardiopulmonary failure (n = 70) | Cardiopulmonary failure (n = 44) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, mean ± SD | 69 ± 10.5 | 64 ± 11.8 | 0.02 |
| Female, n (%) | 61 (87.1) | 34 (77.3) | 0.20 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Dyspnoe | 22 (31.4) | 21 (47.7) | 0.08 |
| Chest pain | 39 (55.7) | 19 (43.1) | 0.14 |
| Clinic parameter | |||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 140 ± 26 | 119 ± 36 | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 80 ± 13 | 69 ± 22 | <0.01 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 96 ± 28 | 107 ± 27 | 0.04 |
| ECG Data, n (%) | |||
| ST-segment elevation | 19 (27.1) | 15 (34) | 0.43 |
| Inversed T-Waves | 62 (88.5) | 40 (91) | 0.66 |
| QTc (ms), mean ± SD | 486 ± 55.5 | 468 ± 45 | 0.07 |
| QRS (ms), mean ± SD | 84.3 ± 13.6 | 88.3 ± 16.3 | 0.20 |
| Stress factor, n (%) | |||
| Emotional sress | 26 (37.1) | 4 (9) | <0.01 |
| Physical stress | 35 (50) | 29 (66) | 0.09 |
| None | 14 (20) | 11 (25) | 0.53 |
| Laboratory values, mean ± SD | |||
| Troponin I (U/L) | 3.3 ± 4.5 | 5.4 ± 7.1 | 0.08 |
| Creatine phosphatkinase (U/L) | 401 ± 923 | 1051 ± 4093 | 0.21 |
| C-Reactive protein (mg/l) | 39 ± 66 | 64 ± 95 | 0.12 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 ± 0.81 | 1.1 ± 0.54 | 0.97 |
| Echocardiography data, n (%) | |||
| LV EF % | 40 ± 9 | 35 ± 9 | <0.01 |
| Right ventricular involvement | 14 (20) | 12 (27.2) | 0.36 |
| Apical type | 49 (70) | 33 (75) | 0.50 |
| Tricuspid regurgation | 32 (45.7) | 17 (38.6) | 0.45 |
| Mitral regurgation | 43 (61.4) | 17 (38.6) | 0.01 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Smoking | 21 (30) | 15 (34) | 0.64 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (22.8) | 5 (44) | 0.98 |
| BMI > 25 kg/m2 | 24 (47.3) | 7 (18) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 43 (61.4) | 23 (52.3) | 0.33 |
| COPD | 14 (20) | 8 (18) | 0.81 |
| History of malignancy | 9 (13) | 7 (16) | 0.64 |
| Drugs on admission, n (%) | |||
| Beta-blocker | 25 (35.7) | 10 (22.7) | 0.13 |
| ACE inhibitor | 22 (31.4) | 13 (29.5) | 0.85 |
| ARB | 9 (13) | 2 (4.5) | 0.19 |
| Statin | 10 (14.3) | 9 (20.4) | 0.37 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
*p values for the comparison between cardiopulmonary failure and no cardiopulmonary failure; SD, Standard deviation; ECG, Electrocardiogram; EF, Ejection fraction; BMI, body-mass-index, COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACE, Angiotensin-convetring-enzyme; ARB, Angiotensin-receptor blocker.