Table 4.
Decreased entry | Loss | Cellular shift | Paraneoplastic |
---|---|---|---|
Hyperparathyroidism | Renal tubular dysfunction (e.g., drugs, alcoholism) | Diabetic ketoacidosis | TIO |
Magnesium deficiency | Chelation | Administration of glucose and insulin | |
Aluminum-containing antacids | |||
Hypercalcemia | |||
Vitamin D deficiency | Loop and thiazide diuretics | Respiratory alkalosis | |
Cachexia | Vomiting and diarrhea | Refeeding after prolonged undernutrition | |
Cushing’s syndrome due to increased glucocorticoids |