Fig. 7.

Early-career transitions in authorship roles. Shown is the average proportion of first-author (dotted lines) and last-author (solid lines) papers as a fraction of the total, as a function of career age, separating researchers at institutions in the top, middle, and bottom quintiles according to prestige rank. Single-author publications are counted as first-author publications. On average, researchers at more prestigious institutions transition more quickly into senior-authorship roles.