Fig. 8.

First-author publication rates. First-author publications as a fraction of the total in the first 3 years posthire, and the 3 years thereafter, are shown separately for researchers who placed at an institution in the top 20% by rank (Top) and researchers placing outside of the top 20% (Bottom). Individual researcher data are plotted as points on top of a corresponding heat map in which darker color denotes higher density by Gaussian kernel-density estimation. Researchers at all levels of prestige tend to move out of first-authorship roles during this period, although researchers at more prestigious institutions transition more completely by years 3–5 than others.