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. 2017 Nov 7;7:14624. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15222-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Altered mitochondrial metabolism markers in the β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) knockout (KO) mouse liver at 6 weeks of age. (A–F) Metabolites related to the amino acid oxidation. (G–I) Metabolites associated with the TCA cycle. (J) Expression of mitochondrial metabolism-related proteins by immunoblotting, and (K) quantification of listed proteins. Values are means ± SD. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. n = 6. Different letters indicate significant difference between groups. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. BHBA, β-hydroxybutyrate; mTORC1, mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; CS, citrate synthase; ISCU, iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme; ATP5A1, ATP synthase, H⁺ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1; NDUFA9, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9; WT, wild type; Het, BCO2 heterozygous mice; KO, BCO2 knockout mice.