Table 2.
Gastroparesis patients: Demographics, employment, social history, laboratory tests and gastric emptying test in chronic opioid using gastroparesis patients, and patients with no opioid use
| Chronic scheduled opioids | No opioids | P value | |
| Age (median in years with IQR) | 49.0 (34.0-56.0) | 441.0 (30.0-55.0) | 0.091 |
| Age symptoms started (median in years with IQR) | 40.0 (24.3-52.0) | 433 (22.8-47.3) | 0.281 |
| Average duration of symptoms (median in years) | 43.0 (1.0-15.5) | 44.0 (1.0-10.0) | 0.937 |
| Previously established diagnosis of Gp (%) | 90.7% (39/43) | 86.7% (137/158) | 0.482 |
| Female (%) | 74.4% (32/43) | 81.0% (128/158) | 0.341 |
| Body mass Index (median in kg/m2 with IQR) | 424..3 (22.1-29.3) | 424.7 (20.3-30.8) | 0.983 |
| Race (% White) | 83.3% (35/42) | 83.9% (125/149) | 0.917 |
| Residing outside catchment area (50 miles) | 53.5% (23/43) | 51.6% (80/155) | 0.828 |
| Diabetes (%) | 35.7% (15/42) | 25.9% (41/158) | 0.055 |
| Surgery on stomach/esophagus (%) | 28.6% (12/42) | 19.1% (28/147) | 0.136 |
| Employed (%) | 33.3% (14/42) | 54.2% (84/155) | 0.016 |
| Working hours per week (median with IQR) | 23.0 (10.5-35.0) | 440 (24.5-40.0) | 0.005 |
| Smoking history, current or past (%) | 46.3% (19/41) | 31.2% (48/154) | 0.069 |
| Current smoker (%) | 31.7% (13/41) | 13.0% (20/154) | 0.004 |
| Alcohol history, current or past (%) | 23.8% (10/42) | 37.4% (58/155) | 0.100 |
| Current alcohol use (%) | 7.3% (3/41) | 20.0% (30/150) | 0.057 |
| Random cortisol (% with low cortisol1) | 16.2% (6/37) | 10.4% (11/106) | 0.345 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (median with IQR) | 45.9% (5.3%-7.7%) | 45.7% (5.4%-6.4%) | 0.377 |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (% with high TSH2) | 4.9% (2/41) | 1.7% (2/116) | 0.271 |
| Trypsinogen (% with low trypsinogen3) | 23.1% (6/26) | 4.2% (3/72) | 0.004 |
| History of chronic pancreatitis | 7.0% (3/43) | 1.3% (2/158) | 0.033 |
| Gastric emptying scintigraphy: Retention at 2 h (median with IQR) | 62% (50%-80%) | 466% (50%-72%) | 0.359 |
| Gastric emptying scintigraphy: Retention at 4 h (median with IQR) | 422% (14%-42%) | 424% (15%-35%) | 0.522 |
1
Low cortisol: AM less than 6.2 μg/dL (171 nmol/L), PM less than 2.3 μg/dL (63.4 μg/dL);
2
High TSH: Greater than 4.50 μIU/mL;
3
Low trypsinogen: Less than 19 ng/mL.
4
Results with non-normal distribution. Results expressed as median ± interquartile range, or percentage as appropriate. Gp: Gastroparesis; IQR: Interquartile range; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone.