Table 2.
Characteristics of Study Population Means Stratified by Quartiles of DKK1
| Variable | Quartile 1 (<0.27) | Quartile 2 (0.27 to 0.45) | Quartile 3 (0.45 to 0.71) | Quartile 4 (≥0.71) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 192 | 192 | 192 | 192 | |
| Age, y | 74.8 ± 2.6 | 75.0 ± 2.5 | 74.8 ± 2.6 | 75.4 ± 2.8 | 0.076 |
| Randomized to calcium, yes (%) | 96 (50.0) | 101 (52.6) | 101 (52.6) | 95 (49.5) | 0.923 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 4.5 | 27.4 ± 4.2 | 26.5 ± 4.4 | 27. 1 ± 4.6 | 0.207 |
| sFRP-3, ng/mL | 1.96 (1.36 to 3.00) | 2.17 (1.70 to 2.86) | 2.19 (1.79 to 3.16) | 2.25 (1.76 to 3.13) | <0.001 |
| WIF1, ng/mL | 0.19 (0.11 to 0.41) | 0.16 (0.09 to 0.30) | 0.16 (0.10 to 0.31) | 0.16 (0.09 to 0.34) | 0.353 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2b | 66 ± 13 | 67 ± 14 | 67 ± 12 | 65 ± 13 | 0.540 |
| 25OHD, nmol/L | 66 ± 27 | 68 ± 28 | 70 ± 30 | 65 ± 27 | 0.314 |
| Phosphate, mg/L | 3.57 ± 0.41 | 3.64 ± 0.43 | 3.63 ± 0.42 | 3.70 ± 0.39 | 0.027 |
| History of smoking, yes (%) | 70 (36.6) | 69 (35.9) | 61 (32.1) | 73 (38.0) | 0.983 |
| Diabetes, yes (%) | 10 (5.2) | 11 (5.7) | 9 (4.7) | 13 (6.8) | 0.623 |
| Prevalent ASVD, yes (%) | 23 (12.0) | 23 (12.0) | 17 (8.9) | 28 (14.6) | 0.653 |
| Medications | |||||
| Low-dose aspirin, yes (%) | 42 (21.9) | 43 (22.4) | 20 (10.4) | 58 (28.1) | 0.605 |
| Antihypertensive therapy, yes (%) | 89 (46.4) | 75 (39.1) | 72 (37.5) | 85 (44.3) | 0.624 |
| Statin therapy, yes (%) | 40 (20.8) | 37 (19.3) | 26 (13.5) | 38 (19.8) | 0.479 |
Data expressed as mean ±SD, median (interquartile range), or number and percentage.
a
Significant at P < 0.05 by ANOVA or the Mantel-Haenszel test for trend test where appropriate.
b
Estimated glomerular filtration rate using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation based on serum creatinine and cystatin C.