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Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):482–485. doi: 10.1038/nature09210

(A) Stable August log-body mass distributions (lines) for juveniles and older individuals for <2000 and ≥2000 years. Vertical lines show the mean body masses. Bars indicate the actual observed distribution over the entire study period. Retrospective perturbation analysis of the integral projection model gives the relative contribution of each function to (B) population growth and to (C) change in mean adult body mass from <2000 to ≥2000 period (S: survival, G: growth, R: reproduction probability, L: litter size, Q: offspring mass, subscripts indicate the age classes).

(A) Stable August log-body mass distributions (lines) for juveniles and older individuals for <2000 and ≥2000 years. Vertical lines show the mean body masses. Bars indicate the actual observed distribution over the entire study period. Retrospective perturbation analysis of the integral projection model gives the relative contribution of each function to (B) population growth and to (C) change in mean adult body mass from <2000 to ≥2000 period (S: survival, G: growth, R: reproduction probability, L: litter size, Q: offspring mass, subscripts indicate the age classes).