Table 1.

MFCs as BOD biosensors.

Source Inoculum	MFC Configuration	Electrode Material	Detection Range (BOD, mg L−1)	Saturation Signal	Response Time (min)	Reference
Clostridium butyricum	Double chamber	Anode: Pt; cathode: Carbon	10–300	0.120 mA	70	[49]
MFC effluent	Double chamber	Graphite felt	2.58–206.4	1.1 mA a	30–600	[50]
River sediment	Double chamber	Graphite felt	5	ND	180	[51]
MFC effluent	Double-chamber	ND	50–100	1.85 mA a	36	[52]
Activated sludge	Double chamber	Graphite felt	23–200	6 mA a	60	[53]
River sediments	Double chamber	Graphite felt	2–10	6 mA	60	[54]
Activated sludge	Single chamber	Graphite roll	Glucose: 1000–25,000 b	1.6 mv a	60	[55]
Primary wastewater	Single chamber	Carbon cloth	COD: 50–1000 b	0.4 mA	40	[56]
Domestic wastewater	Double chamber	Carbon paper	17–183	222 mA	30	[57]
Underground water	Single chamber	Carbon paper	10–250	233 mA	<40.2	[58]
Activated sludge	Double chamber	Carbon cloth	50–650	0.6 mA a	80	[59]
Neat human urine	Single chamber	Carbon fibre	Urine: 67–813 b	297 mV	69–960	[9]

ND: No data available in original work. ^a: Estimated using data presented by the authors. ^b: BOD monitoring capability was demonstrated by using artificial wastewater as the exemplar substrate.