Figure 13.

The performance of each user in maintaining the needle around the point of puncture (zone size = distance from the puncture point). User 1 is a non-surgeon with extensive experience on the robotic system. Users 2 and 3 are, respectively, an ophthalmology fellow and an expert vitreoretinal surgeon with some training on the robotic system. The solid bars show the mean, and the error bars represent the maximum and minimum values. The automatic position holding mode aids in maintaining the needle close to the puncture point for a longer period for all users.