Table 1.
Mean values, between-subjects standard deviations (SD), agreement statistics (bias, limits of agreement [95% LoA] and intraclass correlation coefficients for absolute agreement [ICC(A,1)] and consistency [ICC(C,1)]) and results of the two one-sided t-tests (TOST) for the foot placement locations, step lengths and stepping accuracies for all combinations of the independent variables Distance (2 m, 3 m), Side (left, right) and Imposed Step Length (50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm).
Kinect v2 | Optotrak | TOST | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Bias [95% LoA] | ICC(A,1) | ICC(C,1) | p-Value | ||||
Foot placement location (cm) | 2 m | Left | 50 cm | −0.02 ± 0.87 | −0.48 ± 1.33 | 0.46 [−1.93 2.85] | 0.403 | 0.413 | <0.001 |
60 cm | −0.04 ± 1.24 | −0.51 ± 1.67 | 0.47 [−2.06 3.00] | 0.608 | 0.615 | <0.001 | |||
70 cm | 0.02 ± 0.84 | −0.61 ± 1.30 | 0.62 [−2.10 3.35] | 0.178 | 0.193 | 0.004 | |||
80 cm | 0.47 ± 0.96 | −0.29 ± 1.10 | 0.76 [−1.84 3.36] | 0.147 | 0.174 | 0.005 | |||
90 cm | 0.01 ± 1.06 | −0.73 ± 1.03 | 0.75 [−1.95 3.45] | 0.115 | 0.135 | 0.005 | |||
Right | 50 cm | 0.34 ± 1.35 | −0.95 ± 1.03 | 1.28 * [−0.46 3.03] | 0.471 | 0.727 | 0.007 | ||
60 cm | 0.68 ± 1.77 | −0.77 ± 1.18 | 1.45 * [−0.79 3.70] | 0.493 | 0.709 | 0.045 | |||
70 cm | 1.32 ± 1.17 | −0.22 ± 0.79 | 1.54 * [−0.33 3.41] | 0.254 | 0.544 | 0.038 | |||
80 cm | 0.57 ± 1.21 | −1.04 ± 0.68 | 1.61 * [−0.48 3.69] | 0.182 | 0.414 | 0.072 ** | |||
90 cm | 0.65 ± 1.52 | −0.94 ± 1.04 | 1.59* [−1.02 4.20] | 0.282 | 0.478 | 0.110 ** | |||
3 m | Left | 50 cm | −0.22 ± 1.16 | −0.80 ± 1.13 | 0.58 [−1.69 2.85] | 0.458 | 0.493 | 0.001 | |
60 cm | −0.10 ± 1.09 | −0.44 ± 1.30 | 0.34 [−2.38 3.07] | 0.334 | 0.325 | 0.001 | |||
70 cm | −0.55 ± 1.57 | −1.25 ± 1.50 | 0.70 [−2.89 4.29] | 0.275 | 0.284 | 0.017 | |||
80 cm | −0.00 ± 1.96 | −0.79 ± 1.91 | 0.79 [−3.02 4.60] | 0.480 | 0.495 | 0.027 | |||
90 cm | −0.62 ± 1.51 | −1.07 ± 1.82 | 0.45 [−2.92 3.83] | 0.477 | 0.469 | 0.006 | |||
Right | 50 cm | −0.49 ± 1.48 | −0.63 ± 1.64 | 0.14 [−2.84 3.11] | 0.550 | 0.526 | 0.001 | ||
60 cm | 0.28 ± 1.59 | 0.02 ± 1.85 | 0.26 [−1.71 2.22] | 0.836 | 0.831 | <0.001 | |||
70 cm | 0.54 ± 1.34 | 0.04 ± 1.62 | 0.51 [−1.47 2.48] | 0.744 | 0.770 | <0.001 | |||
80 cm | 0.25 ± 1.42 | −0.00 ± 2.13 | 0.25 [−2.39 2.89] | 0.736 | 0.723 | <0.001 | |||
90 cm | 0.04 ± 1.32 | −0.57 ± 1.33 | 0.61 [−1.13 2.35] | 0.717 | 0.777 | <0.001 | |||
Step length (cm) | 2 m | Left | 50 cm | 49.19 ± 1.38 | 50.32 ± 1.46 | −1.13 * [−3.05 0.80] | 0.590 | 0.761 | 0.005 |
60 cm | 59.32 ± 1.41 | 60.46 ± 1.50 | −1.14 * [−3.36 1.08] | 0.546 | 0.696 | 0.010 | |||
70 cm | 69.09 ± 0.94 | 70.20 ± 1.27 | −1.12 * [−3.18 0.95] | 0.380 | 0.554 | 0.006 | |||
80 cm | 79.45 ± 1.09 | 80.13 ± 1.40 | −0.68 [−3.04 1.67] | 0.492 | 0.542 | 0.002 | |||
90 cm | 90.06 ± 0.98 | 91.25 ± 1.38 | −1.19 * [−3.95 1.58] | 0.213 | 0.304 | 0.030 | |||
Right | 50 cm | 49.02 ± 1.73 | 51.33 ± 1.37 | −2.31 * [−3.59 −1.03] | 0.439 | 0.913 | 0.773 ** | ||
60 cm | 58.73 ± 1.44 | 61.05 ± 1.30 | −2.32 * [−3.77 −0.87] | 0.353 | 0.854 | 0.762 ** | |||
70 cm | 67.50 ± 1.66 | 69.98 ± 1.39 | −2.49 * [−4.64 −0.33] | 0.325 | 0.744 | 0.825 ** | |||
80 cm | 79.52 ± 1.03 | 81.17 ± 1.25 | −1.65 * [−2.97 −0.32] | 0.411 | 0.827 | 0.022 | |||
90 cm | 89.49 ± 1.61 | 91.24 ± 1.72 | −1.75 * [−3.41 −0.10] | 0.566 | 0.871 | 0.089 ** | |||
3 m | Left | 50 cm | 50.66 ± 1.35 | 50.73 ± 1.16 | −0.06 [−1.92 1.80] | 0.737 | 0.717 | <0.001 | |
60 cm | 60.18 ± 1.50 | 60.28 ± 1.38 | −0.10 [−2.69 2.49] | 0.605 | 0.581 | <0.001 | |||
70 cm | 69.92 ± 1.91 | 70.78 ± 1.82 | −0.85 [−5.72 4.02] | 0.110 | 0.112 | 0.067 ** | |||
80 cm | 78.81 ± 2.14 | 80.02 ± 1.78 | −1.21 [−5.81 3.38] | 0.258 | 0.289 | 0.120 ** | |||
90 cm | 89.64 ± 1.99 | 90.74 ± 1.78 | −1.11 [−5.60 3.38] | 0.242 | 0.266 | 0.093 ** | |||
Right | 50 cm | 50.79 ± 2.00 | 50.41 ± 2.10 | 0.39 [−2.77 3.55] | 0.699 | 0.690 | 0.004 | ||
60 cm | 59.53 ± 1.97 | 59.65 ± 2.15 | −0.12 [−2.60 2.36] | 0.826 | 0.812 | <0.001 | |||
70 cm | 69.60 ± 1.22 | 69.59 ± 1.54 | 0.01 [−2.61 2.62] | 0.568 | 0.542 | <0.001 | |||
80 cm | 79.44 ± 1.43 | 79.43 ± 2.29 | 0.00 [−3.52 3.53] | 0.582 | 0.556 | 0.002 | |||
90 cm | 89.69 ± 1.32 | 89.63 ± 1.78 | 0.06 [−2.72 2.84] | 0.615 | 0.590 | <0.001 | |||
Stepping accuracy (cm) | 2 m | Left | 1.33 ± 0.29 | 1.28 ± 0.33 | 0.05 [−0.24 0.33] | 0.892 | 0.892 | <0.001 | |
Right | 1.30 ± 0.30 | 1.21 ± 0.26 | 0.08 [−0.18 0.35] | 0.855 | 0.884 | <0.001 | |||
3 m | Left | 1.52 ± 0.54 | 1.57 ± 0.61 | −0.05 [−0.51 0.41] | 0.922 | 0.917 | <0.001 | ||
Right | 1.43 ± 0.47 | 1.48 ± 0.54 | −0.05 [−0.78 0.68] | 0.745 | 0.729 | <0.001 |
* Significant between-systems difference (p < 0.05); ** Non-significant two one-sided t-tests, indicating nonequivalence (TOST p > 0.05).