Table 4.
Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of maternal and newborn outcomes.
| Outcomes | Crude OR | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal | ||||
| Gestational diabetesa | 3.64 (3.25–4.09) | 2.08 (1.85–2.34) p<0.001 |
1.75 (1.55–1.97) p<0.001 |
1.52 (1.34–1.72) p<0.001 |
| Gestational hypertensionb | 3.02 (2.58–3.54) | 1.77 (1.51–2.08) p<0.001 |
1.72 (1.47–2.02) p<0.001 |
1.67 (1.42–1.97) p<0.001 |
| Preeclampsia | 3.42 (3.01–3.89) | 2.07 (1.82–2.36) p<0.001 |
2.24 (1.96–2.56) p<0.001 |
2.22 (1.94–2.54) p<0.001 |
| Eclampsia | 3.49 (1.31–9.32) | 2.70 (1.00–7.29) p=0.050 |
2.68 (0.99–7.26) p=0.053 |
2.95 (1.08–8.02) p=0.034 |
| Pulmonary edema | 17.5 (8.27–37.1) | 9.92 (4.56–21.6) p<0.001 |
5.63 (2.55–12.4) p<0.001 |
5.06 (2.29–11.1) p<0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 28.7 (19.2–42.8) | 10.6 (6.98–16.1) p<0.001 |
4.14 (2.71–6.34) p<0.001 |
3.63 (2.33–5.66) p<0.001 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 18.5 (12.3–27.9) | 8.85 (5.81–13.5) p<0.001 |
4.05 (2.64–6.21) p<0.001 |
3.59 (2.31–5.58) p<0.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism and infarction | 20.6 (2.83–150.0) | 8.39 (1.08–65.0) p=0.042 |
4.92 (0.61–39.9) p=0.135 |
5.25 (0.64–42.9) p=0.122 |
| Postoperative wounds | 4.05 (2.85–5.74) | 2.50 (1.75–3.56) p<0.001 |
2.00 (1.40–2.85) p<0.001 |
1.77 (1.24–2.54) p=0.002 |
| Hysterectomy | 5.69 (3.36–9.64) | 4.15 (2.43–7.10) p<0.001 |
3.32 (1.94–5.71) p<0.001 |
2.26 (1.29–3.98) p=0.005 |
| Transfusion | 1.09 (0.15–7.74) | 1.19 (0.17–8.49) p=0.865 |
0.93 (0.13–6.67) p=0.941 |
0.81 (0.11–5.85) p=0.833 |
| Stroke | 7.65 (1.07–54.8) | 8.25 (1.10–62.0) p=0.040 |
3.93 (0.51–30.2) p=0.188 |
3.12 (0.41–23.9) p=0.274 |
| Length of stay* | 2.13 (2.00–2.26) | 1.74 (1.61–1.88) p<0.001 |
1.28 (1.14–1.41) p<0.001 |
1.18 (1.05–1.32) p<0.001 |
| ICU admission | 7.00 (6.09–8.04) | 4.64 (4.03–5.35) p<0.001 |
2.87 (2.48–3.33) p<0.001 |
2.74 (2.36–3.18) p<0.001 |
| Fetal | ||||
| Poor fetal growth | 1.48 (1.19–1.84) | 1.43 (1.15–1.79) p=0.001 |
1.08 (0.86–1.35) p=0.505 |
1.05 (0.84–1.31) p=0.681 |
| Stillbirth | 2.10 (1.43–3.07) | 1.89 (1.29–2.77) p=0.001 |
1.25 (0.85–1.84) p=0.254 |
1.17 (0.79–1.73) p=0.427 |
Outcomes are presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals.
Model 1: Adjusted for maternal obesity. Model 2: Adjusted for maternal obesity, pre-pregnancy hypertension, pre-pregnancy diabetes. Model 3: adjusted for maternal obesity, pre-pregnancy hypertension, pre-pregnancy diabetes, maternal age, race/ethnicity, multiple birth, tobacco use, alcohol use; drug use, rural/urban status, coronary heart disease, anemia, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, disorders of the adrenal gland. ICU, intensive care unit.
a
All models excluded women with pre-gestational diabetes
b
All models excluded women with pre-gestational hypertension