Table 1.

Peer-led Ready adherence intervention under Social Cognitive Theory

Theoretical Concept	Definition	Intervention activities
Reciprocal determinism	Environment can act either as a facilitator of or a barrier to a health behavior; individuals can change environments to have a positive influence on health.	Create strategies together with peer to change environment. Example: seek housing assistance to move to a new location and avoid contact with drug-using friends if drug use is a barrier to adherence.
Behavioral capability	Knowledge and skills to implement a desired action	Peer teaches medication adherence techniques. Example: Peers teach and then patients correctly demonstrate back how to set up a pill-box with weekly medications, and set timer as a reminder to take medications.
Expectations	Probability of a desired outcome from performance of behavior	Peer discusses his/her own past struggles with medication adherence. Provides an understanding that others (i.e. peers) have had problems with medication adherence and have been able to become adherent.
Self-efficacy	Belief in one’s ability to perform a particular action	Role-play telling friends/relatives about HIV status and medications.
Observational learning	Interactive knowledge transmission	Peers, who are influential others, are adherent to HIV treatment and share tips on how to become/stay adherent.
Reinforcement	Use or practice of desired behavior by influential others	Peers discuss how they stopped drug or alcohol use and became adherent to HIV treatment.