Table 4.

Estimates of average thyroid doses (mGy) to typical patients for three common types of fluoroscopic procedures from 1930 – 2009.

	1930–1939	1940–1949	1950–1959	1960–1969	1970–1979	1980–1989	1990–1999	2000–2009
Upper GI seriesa	1.8 – 7.4 (up to 49)b	1.8 – 7.4 (up to 49)b	1.4 – 5.9 (up to 39)b	0.29 (0.15–1.2)b,c	0.29 (0.15–1.2)d,e	0.15 – 0.55 (up to 3.5)f	0.15 – 0.55 (up to 3.5)f	0.13 – 0.53 (up to 3.5)
Barium Swallow (Esophagram)	140b	140b	110b	25b	25b	22b	10g	10g

^aRanges are included for the upper GI series due to the variation of data from the literature searches. Outliers are also included in parentheses.

^bData extrapolated

^cDerived from Public Health Service, 1964

^dDerived from Bentgsston et al 1978

^eDerived from Bankvall et al. 1982

^fSuleiman et al. 1991

^gRamakrishnan and Padmanabhan 2001, Crawley et al. 2004