Table.

Annual mortality of those aged younger than 5 years in India, 2000–15

	Deaths in 2015 (thousands)	Mortality rate per 1000 livebirths				Average annual change (%)*
		2000†	2005‡	2010§	2015¶	2000–05	2005–10	2010–15
Neonatal	696	45.0 (41.9–48.6)	38.1 (35.3–41.3)	32.8 (30.0–35.5)	27.0 (24.0–31.6)	−3.2%	−3.0%	−3.8%
Girls	328	41.1	36.8	31.1	26.8	−2.2%	−3.3%	−2.9%
Boys	368	48.5	39.3	34.3	27.1	−4.1%	−2.7%	−4.6%
Rural	598	49.7	42.4	37.2	31.1	−3.1%	−2.6%	−3.6%
Urban	98	28.8	24.2	19.6	15.0	−3.4%	−4.1%	−5.3%
Poorer states‖	483	51.9	44.2	38.4	31.8	−3.2%	−2.8%	−3.7%
Richer states	213	36.0	30.0	25.0	20.1	−3.6%	−3.6%	−4.3%
1–59 months	505	45.2 (42.9–49.6)	35.8 (33.3–39.6)	27.2 (23.9–30.7)	19.6 (14.7–25.6)	−4.5%	−5.3%	−6.4%
Girls	260	54.2	41.2	32.1	21.2	−5.4%	−4.8%	−7.9%
Boys	245	37.0	31.0	22.8	18.1	−3.4%	−5.9%	−4.5%
Rural	402	49.6	39.5	29.6	20.9	−4.5%	−5.6%	−6.8%
Urban	103	30.0	23.8	20.2	15.8	−4.4%	−3.2%	−4.7%
Poorer states‖	371	56.2	44.2	33.8	24.4	−4.7%	−5.2%	−6.3%
Richer states	134	31.0	24.5	18.1	12.6	−4.6%	−.8%	−7.0%
Younger than 5 years of age	1201	90.1 (88.0–94.7)	74.0 (71.6–77.9)	60.0 (56.6–63.4)	46.6 (42.4–53.3)	−3.9%	−4.1%	−5.0%
Girls	588	95.3	78.0	63.2	48.0	−3.9%	−4.1%	−5.3%
Boys	613	85.5	70.4	57.2	45.2	−3.8%	−4.1%	−4.6%
Rural	1000	99.3	81.9	66.8	51.9	−3.8%	−4.0%	−4.9%
Urban	201	58.8	48.1	39.8	30.8	−3.9%	−3.7%	−5.0%
Poorer states‖	854	108.1	88.4	72.2	56.2	−3.9%	−4.0%	−4.9%
Richer states	347	67.1	54.6	43.1	32.7	−4.0%	−4.6%	−5.4%
Neonatal causes	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Prematurity or low birthweight	370	12.3	12.5	14.3	14.3	0.4%	2.8%	0
Neonatal infections**	103	11.9	8.1	5.7	4.0	−7.5%	−6.7%	−6.8%
Birth asphyxia or trauma	57	9.0	6.5	3.9	2.2	−6.5%	−9.4%	−10.9%
Non-communicable	52	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.0	0.7%	−2.2%	−2.1%
Congenital	28	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.1	−2.0%	−3.3%	−5.1%
Other conditions††	41	3.2	3.2	2.4	1.6	0.4%	−5.4%	−8.2%
Injuries	13	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.5	6.9%	−2.6%	10.1%
Tetanus	0.6	1.6	1.3	0.7	<0.1	−4.9%	−10.2%	−43.5%
Ill-defined	6	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.2	−1.3%	−7.5%	−14.7%
1–59 months causes	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Pneumonia	108	11.	8.3	6.2	4.2	−5.8%	−5.6%	−7.6%
Diarrhoea	82	9.4	7.2	5.3	3.2	−5.3%	−5.9%	−9.7%
Injuries	69	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.7	1.0%	−1.6%	4.2%
Non-communicable	54	3.5	2.8	2.6	2.1	−4.4%	−1.8%	−4.0%
Other infections	53	3.4	3.3	2.9	2.1	−0.5%	−3.0%	−6.3%
Nutritional	29	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.1	3.4%	−1.2%	−7.4%
Malaria	28	2.0	1.6	1.3	1.1	−4.3%	−3.9%	−3.1%
Congenital	26	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.0	−1.0%	−1.8%	−3.5%
Meningitis or encephalitis	22	2.1	1.9	1.2	0.8	−2.0%	−8.5%	−7.3%
Acute bacterial sepsis or severe infection	8	1.6	1.1	0.5	0.3	−7.7%	−13.3%	−9.7%
Measles	7	3.3	1.7	0.9	0.3	–12.0%	–11.0%	–21.8%
Ill-defined‡‡	20	3.4	2.5	1.2	1.1	–6.1%	–13.0%	–2.3%

Data in parentheses are 90% CIs. We adjusted subnational estimated livebirths and deaths of those aged younger than 5 years to match the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation estimates. 2015 Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation estimates substantially revised the 2005 mortality totals. Hence, the neonatal and 1–59-month mortality rates for 2005 differ from those published previously using 2001–03 data.¹⁵

^*Average of simple annual rates of changes in mortality.

^†27.9 million livebirths.

^‡27.6 million livebirths.

^§26.6 million livebirths.

^¶25.8 million livebirths.

^‖Low-income states where approximately half of India’s population lives: Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh.

^**Neonatal infections consist of, in descending proportions, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis or encephalitis.

^††Other conditions consist of, in descending proportions, other infections, other perinatal conditions, and nutritional conditions.

^‡‡Ill-defined conditions at ages 1–59 months include the few deaths coded as perinatal before 2005.