Table 2.
Class | Representative drugs | Potential mechanisms |
---|---|---|
Antioxidant | Ebselen, Arundic acid, Citicoline | Scavenger of free radicals and ROS; decrease of NO production and S100 calcium-binding protein expression |
Anti-inflammatory | Minocycline | Inhibition of MMP-9 and microglia activation, attenuation of apoptosis |
Anti-excitotoxicity | Magnesium | Blocker of glutamate transport and efflux, reverser of Na+-Ca2+ exchange |
Growth factors | BDNF, NAMPT, Erythropoietin | Stimulation of oligodendrogenesis, inhibition of OPC apoptosis |