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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 9.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neurobiol. 2016 Apr 14;141:45–60. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.005

Table 2.

Pharmacological neuroprotectants for WMI under investigation

Class Representative drugs Potential mechanisms
Antioxidant Ebselen, Arundic acid, Citicoline Scavenger of free radicals and ROS; decrease of NO production and S100 calcium-binding protein expression
Anti-inflammatory Minocycline Inhibition of MMP-9 and microglia activation, attenuation of apoptosis
Anti-excitotoxicity Magnesium Blocker of glutamate transport and efflux, reverser of Na+-Ca2+ exchange
Growth factors BDNF, NAMPT, Erythropoietin Stimulation of oligodendrogenesis, inhibition of OPC apoptosis