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. 2017 Sep 5;95(11):738–748. doi: 10.2471/BLT.17.191916

Table 2. Characteristics of 10 countries in study sample, 2007–2015.

Country Year of SPA No. of facilities surveyed
GDP per capita (US$)a THE per capita (US$)a OOPE (% of THE)a ERFH (% of THE)a Life expectancy at birth (years)a Area (km2)b Mean SRI (%)c
All HC/C Hospitals HC/C Hospitals
Bangladeshd 2014 1548d 1381 167 1087 31 67 12 71.2 130 000 41 74
Haitie 2013 905e 784 121 810 65 32 31 62.4 28 000 52 73
Kenyaf 2010 695 443 252 992 39 50 35 58.7 569 000 55 78
Malawie 2013 977e 861 116 341 26 11 69 61.5 94 000 55 80
Namibiae 2009 411e 366 45 4124 332 9 12 61.4 823 000 68 82
Nepalf 2015 963 716 247 744 40 48 13 70.0 143 000 44 76
Rwandag 2007 538e 496 42 398 34 25 52 57.9 25 000 59 79
Senegalf,h 2012−2014 727d 657 70 1051 47 39 27 66.4 193 000 60 69
Ugandaf 2007 491 372 119 410 48 42 22 53.7 201 000 41 76
United Republic of Tanzaniaf 2015 1188 932 256 865 52 23 36 65.5 886 000 48 82
Full sample 8443 7008 1435 52 77

ERFH: external resources for health; GDP: gross domestic product; HC/C: health centres/clinics; OOPE: out-of-pocket expenditure; SPA: service provision assessment; THE: total health expenditure; US$: United States dollars.

a For closest year available to year of service provision assessment.

b To the closest 1000 km2.

c The corresponding intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.29 for health centres/clinics and 0.09 for hospitals. The mean service-readiness-index values recorded for all facilities, health centres/clinics and hospitals were 54% (standard deviation, SD:17), 77% (SD:12) and 52% (SD:16), respectively.

d Data came from sample considered representative of the country’s health system, excluding small private facilities.

e Sample is a census of health facilities

f Data came from sample considered representative of the country’s health system.

g Data came from a census of public facilities and of private facilities with at least 5 staff plus a sample of small private facilities

h Sample collected over 2 waves representing the first 2 years of a continuous 5-year assessment

Data sources: World Bank Global Development indicators,26 World Health Organization Global Health Observatory27 and authors’ analysis of data from service provision assessments.

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