Table 4. Association of health system and facility characteristics with the facility service readiness index, nine countries, 2007–2015.

Characteristic	Separate models adjusted for survey year onlya				Adjusted modela
	Estimated difference in SRI (95% CI)	P	R2		Estimated difference in SRI (95% CI)	P
Facility
Hospital as facility type	25.8 (19.4 to 32.2)	< 0.01	0.17		21.5 (16.9 to 26.2)	< 0.01
Charges user fees	12.6 (5.6 to 19.7)	< 0.01	0.15		6.7 (−0.3 to 13.7)	0.06
Receives donor funding	9.5 (4.9 to 14.2)	< 0.01	0.07		3.2 (1.3 to 5.1)	< 0.01
Privately managed	11.1 (2.9 to 19.3)	0.01	0.11		5.2 (−1.4 to 11.8)	0.11
National or survey
THE per capitab	−0.1 (−1.8 to 1.7)	0.94	0.01		NI	N/A
% of THE represented by external support for health systemb	0.9 (0.3 to 1.5)	0.01	0.11		0.7 (−0.3 to 1.7)	0.13
% of THE represented by out-of-pocket expensesb	−0.7 (−1.2 to −0.1)	0.04	0.05		0.3 (−0.6 to 1.2)	0.46
Land area of countryb	−0.1 (−0.5 to 0.2)	0.29	0.02		NI	N/A
Survey year	−0.5 (−2.6 to 1.7)	0.64	0.01		0.1 (−1.2 to 1.4)	0.87

CI: confidence interval; N/A: not applicable; NI: not included; SRI: service readiness index; THE: total health expenditure.

^a The models were based on data from service provision assessments in 7851 health facilities. All of the models were weighted using sampling weights scaled so that each study country contributed equally. The adjusted model, which contained covariates found to give P-values below 0.2 in the separate models, gave an R² value of 0.34.

^b The estimated difference represented a 10% increase in this characteristic.