Figure 3.

The effect of l-Phe on gut hormone release. (a) The effect of 1, 10, 30, 50 and 100 mm l-Phe on GLP-1 release from STC-1 cells. Cells were incubated with each treatment for 2 h. n=9 independent plates. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, P***<0.001 vs control. (b) The effect of l-Phe on GLP-1 release from primary mice colonic L cells incubated with 1, 10 and 100 mm l-Phe for 2 h. n=6 plates from 6 mice; and (c) the effect of l-Phe on PYY release from primary mice colonic L cells incubated with 10, 50 and 100 mm l-Phe for 2 h. n=9 plates from 9 mice. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs control. The effect of OG of water (control) or 3 mmol kg⁻¹ l-Phe on (d) plasma CCK and (e) plasma acylated ghrelin 30 min after administration in rats following an overnight fast (n=11, *P<0.05 vs control). (f) The effect of intra-ileal administration of 10 mm l-Phe on PYY levels 15 min following administration in overnight-fasted rats (n=7, vehicle; 10, L-Phe; P=0.06 vs control). The effect of OG of water (control) or 3 mmol kg⁻¹ l-Phe on (g) plasma GLP-1 and (h) plasma insulin 30 min after administration in rats following an overnight fast (n=11, **P<0.01 vs control).