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. 2017 Nov 8;7:15063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14866-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of maternal diet, post-weaning diet, exercise and NMN on Hepatic NAD⁺ - NADH, citrate synthase activity and triglyceride content. Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 5–12 per group. The first letter represents maternal and second letter represents post-weaning diet; chow (C) or HFD (H); the third letter represents intervention; sedentary (S), exercise (X) or NMN (N). To investigate the effects of maternal and post-weaning diets on CCS, CHS, HCS and HHS groups on NAD⁺ (A), NADH (C), citrate synthase activity (E) and triglyceride (G) contents two-way ANOVAs were performed. To investigate the effects of post-weaning diet and intervention (exercise and NMN) on NAD⁺ (B), NADH (D) citrate synthase activity (F) and triglyceride (H) contents of the offspring from obese mothers consuming chow or HFD, HCS, HCX, HCN and HHS, HHX, HHN groups were compared by two-way ANOVA. The significant effects are: ^†P < 0.05, ^††P < 0.01 and ^†††P < 0.001 overall maternal HFD effect. ^**P < 0.01 and ^***P < 0.001 overall post-weaning diet effect. ^#P < 0.05 and ^###P < 0.001 overall intervention effect. ^XP < 0.05 simple main effect of exercise. ^{^}P < 0.05, ^{^^}P < 0.01 and ^{^^^}P < 0.001 simple main effect of NMN.