Table 2.
Body weight and organ mass in sedentary or exercised or NMN treated offspring of obese mothers that consumed chow or HFD post-weaning.
| CCS | CHS | HCS | HCX | HCN | HHS | HHX | HHN | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final BW (g) | 18.1 ± 0.2 | 20.9 ± 0.1 | 19.5 ± 0.3 | 18.5 ± 0.3X | 18.7 ± 0.2^ | 28.04 ± 1.2 | 24.3 ± 0.9XX | 24.8 ± 0.7^ |
| Liver (mg) | 765 ± 14 | 693 ± 13 | 779 ± 43 | 758 ± 23 | 811 ± 18 | 852 ± 27 | 779 ± 26 | 763 ± 22 |
| Muscle (mg) | ||||||||
| Quad | 236 ± 10 | 256 ± 11 | 247 ± 10 | 254 ± 12 | 272 ± 6 | 295 ± 8 | 303 ± 5 | 304 ± 7 |
| AT | 82 ± 4 | 88 ± 3 | 87 ± 3 | 86 ± 3.21 | 87 ± 3 | 98 ± 5 | 110 ± 4 | 100 ± 5 |
| Soleus | 12.4 ± 0.7 | 15.9 ± 0.7 | 15.1 ± 0.7 | 15.0 ± 0.5 | 16.3 ± 1.1 | 19.6 ± 0.6 | 20.2 ± 0.5 | 19.2 ± 0.7 |
| WAT (mg) | ||||||||
| Gonadal | 141 ± 8 | 601 ± 89 | 231 ± 22 | 231 ± 14 | 202 ± 15 | 1348 ± 16 | 946 ± 149X | 923 ± 92^ |
| Inguinal | 165 ± 11 | 463 ± 57 | 207 ± 13 | 232 ± 14 | 196 ± 5 | 823 ± 108 | 512 ± 66XXX | 532 ± 58^^ |
| RP | 26.1 ± 2.3 | 143.0 ± 25.2 | 44.5 ± 4.2 | 43.1 ± 2.4 | 40.5 ± 2.2 | 347.5 ± 33.5 | 252.0 ± 38.2XX | 220.5 ± 22.1^^^ |
| Plasma Insulin (ng/mL) | 0.085 ± 0.020 | 0.154 ± 0.016 | 0.166 ± 0.020 | 0.224 ± 0.037 | 0.317 ± 0.030^ | 0.420 ± 0.0.038 | 0.469 ± 0.033 | 0.588 ± 0.064^^ |
| Plasma Triglycerides (mg/mL) | 2.82 ± 0.24 | 3.21 ± 0.16 | 2.94 ± 0.11 | 3.38 ± 0.23 | 2.31 ± 0.41 | 3.62 ± 0.22 | 3.83 ± 0.24 | 3.14 ± 0.26 |
| Main effects of the ANOVA analysis of HC, HCX, HCN, HH, HHX, HHN offspring | ||||||||
| Intervention | Post Weaning Diet | Interaction | ||||||
| Kill BW (g) | F(2,64) = 6.7, P < 0.01 | F(1,64) = 135.5, P < 0.001 | ns | |||||
| Liver (mg) | ns | ns | ns | |||||
| Muscle (mg) | Quad | ns | F(1,63) = 39.4, P < 0.001 | ns | ||||
| AT | ns | F(1,64) = 26.1, P < 0.001 | ns | |||||
| Soleus | ns | F(1,62) = 49.5, p < 0.001 | ns | |||||
| WAT (mg) | Gonadal | F(1,65) = 3.1, P < 0.05 | F(1,65) = 110.7, P < 0.001 | ns | ||||
| Inguinal | F(1,62) = 3.7, P < 0.05 | F(1,62) = 74.9, P < 0.001 | F(1,62) = 4.3, P < 0.05 | |||||
| RP | F(1,63) = 4.6, P < 0.05 | F(1,63) = 157.3, P < 0.001 | F(1,63) = 4.1, P < 0.05 | |||||
| Plasma Insulin (ng/mL) | F(1,49) = 7.2, P < 0.01 | F(1,49) = 54.7, P < 0.001 | ns | |||||
| Plasma Triglycerides (mg/mL) | F(1,50) = 5.9, P < 0.01 | F(1,50) = 9.6, P < 0.01 | ns | |||||
Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 11–12 per group. The first letter indicates maternal diet, chow (C) or HFD (H); second letter indicates post-weaning diet (C or H); the third letter represents intervention; sedentary (S), exercise (X) or NMN (N). To explore the impact of post-weaning diet and intervention (exercise and NMN) on body weight and tissue phenotypes, the offspring groups HCS, HCX, HCN and HHS, HHX, HHN were analysed by a two-way mixed ANOVA presented upper section of the table. Offspring from lean mothers (CCS & CHS) are shown for comparison. Abbreviations: BW, body weight; WAT, white adipose tissue. Overall effects are presented in the bottom section of the table. The significant effects are:
XP < 0.05, XXP < 0.01, XXXP < 0.001 simple main effect of exercise.
^P < 0.05, ^^P < 0.01, ^^^P < 0.001 simple main effect of NMN.